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Nuclear Chemistry

This educational overview delves into the processes of nuclear fission and fusion, highlighting how smaller nuclei combine to create larger ones in fusion, producing vast amounts of energy under extreme temperatures. Fission, the splitting of larger nuclei, also generates significant energy, applicable in nuclear power and weapons. Additionally, it explores the lifecycle of stars, including supernovae and hypernovae, and their role in forming elements. Lastly, it introduces the concept of half-life in radioactive decay, illustrating the stability and transformation of materials over time.

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Nuclear Chemistry

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry Part 2

  2. Fission vs. Fusion Fission Fusion 2 smaller nuclei are fused together to create a larger one Creates even MORE energy that fission Can only occur at very high temperatures- millions of degrees. • A larger nucleus splits into smaller pieces • Creates a lot of energy • Used in nuclear bombs and nuclear power plants

  3. Elements formed from FUSION in stars • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=neMEo8ZrwuI

  4. Elements formed from FUSION in stars • Young stars start by fusing hydrogen (H) into helium (He) and continuing until they hit the element iron Fe). • At that point, the star does not have enough power to create any more elements as it is dying. • If an old star is massive enough, it will go supernova or hypernova and the rest of the natural elements can be made.

  5. Supernova • A supernova is the explosive death of a star, which unleashes a burst of light through the cosmos. Supernovas happen in two different ways: • When massive stars run out of fresh nuclear fuel, there is no more pressure to sustain them against their own weight. The central part of such a star then collapses. The outer layers of the star fall in on the core and then rebound in a tremendous explosion. • Matter piling up on the compressed core of an already-dead star, known as a white dwarf, can reach sufficient density to trigger a thermonuclear explosion • http://www.redorbit.com/news/video/education_1/1112748802/what-is-a-supernova/

  6. Hypernovas • A hypernova, also known as a collapsar, is an extremely energetic supernova. • In a supernova, a star shears off its outer matter but leaves a new star at its centre, often a neutron star. In a hypernova, the force of the explosion tears the inner star apart too. Hypernovas occur in stars with a mass greater than 30 times that of our Sun. • Hypernovasare incredibly rare.

  7. Half-Life • Remember how radioactive substances give off alpha, beta, and/or gamma particles? • The time it takes for half the amount of a substance to decay away is called HALF-LIFE (t1/2) • Example- the half-life of radium is 30 seconds. That means every 30 seconds, half of any amount of radium decays into something else. • Will it ever completely go away?

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