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EVALUASI ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Mk. Stela-smno.fpub.jun2013

EVALUASI ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Mk. Stela-smno.fpub.jun2013. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN. Pengolahan tanah dapat mempengaruhi panjang akar , meskipung efeknya baru muncul dalam tiga tahun .

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EVALUASI ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Mk. Stela-smno.fpub.jun2013

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  1. EVALUASI ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Mk. Stela-smno.fpub.jun2013

  2. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Pengolahantanahdapatmempengaruhipanjangakar, meskipungefeknyabarumunculdalamtigatahun. Perbedaanporositastanahdapatdiukurpadaduaperlakuanpengolahantanah : Padatahunpertamaternyatapertumbuhanakardaninfiltrasi air (K sekitar 5 mm/h) samabesarnyapadakondisiolahtanah minimum danpengolahankonvensional. By the third year, when differences were measured between roots, infiltration rates were 84 mm/h in minimum tillage and 0.2 mm/h under conventional tillage. Despite the differences in root growth there were no substantial differences in grain yield, reflecting the overall constraint of climate in the semi-arid environment. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  3. Values of air-filled porosity (%) and bulk density (g cm3) which are critical and which limit root growth for various soils (Source: Pierce et al. 1983) 1 "Critical" is defined as causing <20% reduction in root growth; "limiting" is about the value at which root growth ceases. Sumber:.

  4. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Peningkatankerapatantanahataukekuatantanahdapatmenghambatpenetrasiakar, sehinggamembatasi volume tanah yang dapatdieksploitasiolehtanamandan air tersedia. Biasanyasulitmengkuantifikasikanhubunganantarasifattanahinidneganpertumbuhantanaman. In the cases of bulk density and strength, particularly, a gross measure of either for an undisturbed mass of soil can give only a remote indication of what a root encounters. A determination of gross bulk density does not assess whether a root is growing within a pore (in which case it may deform surrounding soil before its radial environment reaches the density or strength of the gross soil) or if it is growing within the soil material, in which case it has already exerted a radial force equivalent to that measured for the gross soil. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  5. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Efekbobotisitanahdankekuatantanahterhadapprosesperkecambahandanpertumbuhanpanjangbatangjugadipelajari. Batang (Shoot) mampumemanfaatkanporimakrotanahdengantidakdibatasiolehkondisitanahsecarakeseluruhan. Nilai-nilaiaktuallokalygmenghambatpemanjanganbatangkecambah (shoot) tampaknyasangatkecil, misalnya, 0.76 kPa (Addae and Pearson 1992). Nilai-nilaiiniberasaldarikajianpadakondisiygterkendali, bebedadnegankondisiaktualdilapangan. The relative ranking of genotypes is, however, the same when under near-critical stress as when growing with virtually no mechanical stress. Genotypes suited to stressful situations may be selected, therefore, by screening at a single soil strength (Addae and Pearson 1992). Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  6. Hubunganantarakekuatantanahdenganpanjangakarrelatiftanamanjagung (Kang and Ghuman 1991) Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  7. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN TABLE 11. Grain and stover yield (t/ha) of maize and seasonal water runoff and soil loss under maize grown with and without alley cropping, with two tree legumes, and tillage in Nigeria (Source: Kang and Ghuman 1991) . 1 Seasonal rainfall (March-July 1988) = 704.2 mm. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  8. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Tanamandapatmempengaruhikualitastanahmelalui ground-cover, kedalamanperakaran, dansifat-sifattanamanlainnya. The crop attributes that most influence soil physical properties are speed of establishment and development of foliage cover. Rapid establishment and growth minimizes topsoil structural decline and soil erosion by wind and water. Thereafter, deep-rooting directly affects soil structure, particularly if deep-rooted crops, such as safflower, are grown in rotation as a 'biological plough' to create macropores and these are minimally disturbed before the next crop is sown. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  9. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN TABLE 12. Desirable crop attributes that sustain soil productivity Sumber:.

  10. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN IndikatorLapanganproblematikFisika-tanah Indikatorlapangan yang lazimbagikondisifisikatanah yang burukadalah: Patchiness or absence of vegetation. This can be an obvious sign of degraded structure or other factors. When structural, it may reflect surface structure degradation (see previous sections) or non-wetting characteristics which give rise to poor infiltration, or subsoil impermeability. Vegetasibergulma. CyperaceaeatauJuncaceaedapatmencerminkanjeleknyastrukturtanah, karenamerekatumbuhsuburkalau air tergenangdipermukaantanah, menunjukkanjeleknyalajuinfiltrasiatauadanyalapisanbawah yang kedap air. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  11. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN IndikatorLapanganproblematikFisika-tanah Indikatorlapangan yang lazimbagikondisifisikatanah yang burukadalah: 3. Erosipermukaandanerosialur. Erosive runoff may be symptomatic of poor surface structure. The turbidity of water in ponds and lakes after rain may be a good indicator of erosion. 4. Keraktanahdipermukaan. 5. Permukaantanah yang mengeras. Infiltrasi yang jelekdangenangan air. This may be indicated by puddles following rain in an area where one would expect rapid infiltration, or by wetting to only a shallow depth (as seen when dug with a spade). Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  12. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Indikatorlapangan yang lazimbagikondisifisikatanah yang burukadalah: 7. Warnatanahpermukaanpucatdantidakadabahanorganik. The surface of degraded soils may be brittle and pale, lacking organic matter and having lost clay either through eluviation (differential movement downwards) or by water or wind erosion. Berbongkah-bongkah (Cloddiness). This may be apparent if after a single cultivation, large, tough clods are formed requiring further cultivation to form a reasonable seedbed. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  13. ASPEK FISIK PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN Indikatorlapangan yang lazimbagikondisifisikatanah yang burukadalah: 9. Peetumbhuhanakarterhambat. This can be seen by digging with a narrow-faced spade and washing the roots free of soil. The root mass can be restricted to the upper soil or be constricted in particular places such as a less pervious layer, above and below which the roots may proliferate. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  14. TABLE 16. Examples of farmer concepts/statements concerning aspects of sustainable crop production (Source: Fujisaka and Garrity 1991) Tanamandan Hara dalamtanah Ubikayudapatmengasamkantanah. Ubikayu “menguras” haradaritanah. Padilebihtolerantanah-tanahmasamdibandingkanJagung. Rice is more vigourous on an area previously planted in tomato. Intercropping baguskalauketersediaanharanyacukup Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  15. ContohKonsep/PendapatPetanitentangaspek-aspekProduksiTanamanBerkelanjutan (Fujisaka and Garrity 1991) Pengurasan Hara Tanah: Kesuburantanahtelahdigunakanolehtanaman. Tanah menjadilemah. Fertility is spotty. Soils are overtrained. Tanah-tanahmenjadisemakinlebihtua. Poor, but not used up, in the sense of the hardest part within a log. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  16. ContohKonsep/PendapatPetanitentangaspek-aspekProduksiTanamanBerkelanjutan (Fujisaka and Garrity 1991) Lahanbero (kosong) - Fallows: Biomasagulmaygterdekomposisimembantumemperkayatanah. Lahanistirahatsehinggatanahdapatmenyimpansejumlahhara. Kayakarenaberistirahat. Fertility is added and the soil is made cool. The soil is slightly enriched if left a short time. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  17. TABLE 16. Examples of farmer concepts/statements concerning aspects of sustainable crop production (Source: Fujisaka and Garrity 1991) Gulma - Weeds Padidirugikanolehakar-akarcogon (I. cylindrical). Tanah menjadijelekkalaucogondominan. D. longiflora and cogon consume soil nutrients and destroy soil quality. Kemasmaantanahmeningkatkalaucogondominan. Gulakuruspadatanah-tanahtidaksubur. R.cochinchinensis rapidly produces seed; thus, easily soars in population; if not weeded, it exceeds the height of rice or corn. Fertility is added and the soil is made cool" (re. Calapogonium spp.). Tanah menjadibaikkalauadagulmua/rumputmempunyaibintilakar. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  18. TABLE 16. Examples of farmer concepts/statements concerning aspects of sustainable crop production (Source: Fujisaka and Garrity 1991) Erosi Tanah: Tanah terkikisdanterangkutketempat lain. Hara terangkut. Tumbuhantererosibersamadnegantanahnya. Soil was drawn down and fertility was washed out. The land was shaven and eroded after trees were removed. Pupukterkumpul (dibagianbawahpetakan) karenaterbawa air hujan. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

  19. Tabel 16. Examples of farmer concepts/statements concerning aspects of sustainable crop production (Source: Fujisaka and Garrity 1991) Kontrol Erosion : PisangdanKelapalebihbaikkarenamerekamampumenahantanah. Pengolahanmenurutkonturmengurangikehilanganerosi. Jalur-jalurrumputdapatmengurangiefekerosi Trees planted above and below fields can decrease erosion effects. Banana planted above and below fields can decrease erosion effects. Sumber:http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9926E/v9926e04.htm.

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