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Bony Fish (title page)

Bony Fish (title page). Delete this box once we get collage for bony fish. Structures found in bony fishes Bone Cartilage Vertebral column Cranium Jaw Ribs Intramuscular bone Fin bones. Function in humans: to provide protection, assist in leverage, produce red blood cells.

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Bony Fish (title page)

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  1. Bony Fish (title page) • Delete this box once we get collage for bony fish.

  2. Structures found in bony fishes Bone Cartilage Vertebral column Cranium Jaw Ribs Intramuscular bone Fin bones Function in humans: to provide protection, assist in leverage, produce red blood cells. Organs/Structures in this system in humans: Bones Joints As humans, bony fishes have a skeletal system made up of bone and several skeletal structures. Their system also produces red blood cells which is a clue that they also have a circulatory system. Unlike humans, fish contain cartilage, fin bones and they don’t have as many of bones which restrict some of their movement thus, humans have a larger range of motion. Skeletal System

  3. Structures found in bony fish: Myotomes- series of muscle blocks. Septum- separates myotomes Dorsal –top myotomes Ventral- bottom myotomes Jaw muscles Adductor- close jaw Abductor- open jaw Fin muscles Abductor- move fin away from body Adductor- move fin towards body. Erectors- provide stability and flexibility in the fins. Myosepta-transmit the contractile force to the backbone and skin, which keeps the posterior fibers from lengthening. Red muscle/white muscle- differences in way fibers are arranged and location. (red-vertical near skin) Function in humans: to enable movement. Organs/Structure in this body system in humans: Muscle (smooth cardiac, skeletal) As humans, the fish muscles allow for movement. Unlike humans, fish muscles only allow for swimming. Human muscles enable a person to do various movements not just swimming. Muscular System

  4. The brain of a fish: 1. Olfactory Lobes-respond to smell 2. Cerebrum-respond to smell and other sensory information. 3. Optic Lobes-processes information from visual, auditory, and lateral line systems. Also turns body toward or away stimulus. 4. Cerebellum-muscle coordination 5. Medulla oblongata-regulates internal organs. 6. spinal cord-connects all muscle and nerves to brain. The nerves Cranial-major sense organs connected directly to the brain. Spinal- connect internal organs and muscles to spinal cord. Function in humans: to allow for reactions and feeling. Organs/structures found in this system in humans: Brain Spinal cord Nerves Sense organs Like humans, fishes have a nervous system with a brain divided roughly into three parts and they both have a spinal cord, but a fish’s nervous is poorly developed meaning it is less complex than one of a human. Below: human brain Left: Fish Brain Nervous System

  5. The heart of a bony fish 2 chambers Atrium Ventricle-largest and most muscular Sinus venosus-recieves oxygen depleted blood Bulbus ateriosus- receives blood when ventricle contracts. Ventral aorta- a series of valves inside bulbus arteriosus which control blood flow into ventral aorta. Gill filaments- from ventral aorta. Cite where blood is oxygenated. Capillaries, arteries, and veins.-circulates blood through the body and returns blood to sinus venosus. Function in humans: to deliver oxygen to organs and get rid of cell waste. The organs found in this in humans: Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries Modified circulatory system- allows for body temperature to be warmer than surrounding water. From blood traveling from warmer vines to cooler arteries rather than releasing the heat. This is an advantage for high speed swimming. Humans are more complex because they are warm blooded and bony fish aren’t, therefore humans are able to move more freely than fishes. Although fishes have a modified system which allows them to be able to move their muscles to be able to swim. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System

  6. Mouth-Where food enters (plankton, little crabs and shrimp, particles in the sand, and algae) Stomach-where food is partially digested. Bent is either “U” or “V” shape. Intestines-where most food absorption occurs. Pancreas- secretes enzymes into intestine for digestion. Liver-produces bile. Esophagus- connects mouth to stomach. Anus-where unabsorbed nutrients exits fish’s body. Teeth-shred food Gastric Glands- break down food to prepare for digestion. Pyloric caeca- digest food; attach at end of stomach. Pharynx- a flap of connective tissue called the epiglottis closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking. Function in humans: to get nutrients from food. Organs/Structures found in this system in humans: Mouth Tongue Teeth Salivary glands Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Small and large intestines anus Bony fishes have a majority of the same organs as humans have that make up their digestive track. Humans are more complex because they have more enzymes that digest food and humans can consume a variety of foods because they are capable of digesting them. Digestive System

  7. Structures found in bony fish Gill Chamber- Water enters through the mouth and into the gill chamber where oxygenated water enters. Blood flowing through the gill filaments absorbs oxygen from the water. Water exits through the gill openings Some fishes (lungfish) have an air sac or “lung.” It is surrounded by veins that bring blood to be oxygenated. Other fishes can absorb some oxygen through their skin. Gill filaments/ lamellae- Provide required surface area for gas exchange. Gill rankers- filters to remove fine particulate food from the water. In minnows they are used to prevent small crustaceans, insects, and other prey from escaping the gill chamber by swimming through the gill slits. Protect the delicate gill filaments from damage by these prey animals. Right: number’s 1-4 are part of the gill chamber. Arch 1 is where gas exchange occurs. Function in humans: Exchange gases between blood and air allowing oxygen in and carbon dioxide to leave. Needed to perform cell respiration. Organs/Structures in this body system in humans: Alvedi Circulatory system bronchi/lungs Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea As humans, fishes need oxygen and their system requires the circulatory too, but fishes receive it from filtering it from the water where as humans take it from the atmosphere. The human respiratory is more complex because it contains more structures. Respiratory System

  8. Structures found in Bony Fish Epidermis is very thin, with 2 cell types….epidermal cells and unicellular glands (mucous) Mucous cuticle on surface Microridges to hold mucous in place Dermis contains chromatophores  Three types of chromatophores:  Melanophores (brown or black pigment)  Lipophores (xanthophores with yellow pigment) erythrophores (red pigment) Iridophores (reflective) Enamel-protection Dentine-inner layer Pulp-contents of scale Basal Plate-stabilizes dentine Function in humans: Protects tissues Regulate body temperature Produce vitamin D Sensory receptors. Organs/structures in this body system in humans: Epidermis Keratin Dermis Hair follicle Hair Nails Sweat glands Oil glands Fishes have scales for a body covering. In bony fish, their scales are covered with a thin layer of epidermis. Humans are more advanced because they have more structures in their system, their system produces vitamin D. Integumentary System

  9. Work Cited and Pictures Cited -C. GILLINGHAM, JAMES . "THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM." COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY. CMU Biological Station on Beaver Island. 14 May 2008 <http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/gilli1jc/Part%202%20Integument.htm>. -Busch Entertainment Corporation. Bony Fishes: Anatomy & Physiology SeaWorld/Busch Gardens ANIMALS. http://www.seaworld.org/animal- info/info-books/bony-fish/anatomy.htm 29 May 2008 -Fox, Richard. "Minnow." Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine. 5 Jul 2006. Lander University . 14 May 2008<http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/notropis.html>. -"The Class Osteichthyes." Biology Week 19 - Day 3 Chordates, Vertebrates & Fish. DV Biology. 7 May 2008 <http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/bfish.htm>. Victoria, Melbourne. "Structure and Senses of Fish." Information Notes. 10 Jan 2008. The State of Victoria. 8 May 2008 http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-B1F754E6F182011F4A2568B30006520E-49A3E2BB3EDF7F50CA256BC80006E464-F2FD07C86D21BBE14A256DEA002904B5-9FACA93D9D7F2484CA256BEC0029F6F1?open. Pictures: -Fox, Richard. “The head of a cyprind.” [Online Image] 14 May 2008 <http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/notropis.html -“Brain Diagram.” [Online Image] 7 May 2008 http://www.aph.org/cvi/brain.html -“Digestive System of Fish.” [Online Image] http://student.britannica.com/comptons/art-52905/Digestive-system-of-a-fish?&articleTypeId=31 -“Fish Heart.” [Online Image] 8 May 2008 http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/bfish.htm -“Fish Muscle Diagram.” [Online Image] 7 May 2008 http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=DBD014BF94B01B6B21D61AE4D9461302?contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=866454 -“Fish Scale Development.” [Online Image] 14 May 2008 http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=1711&rendTypeId=4 -“The Brain.” [Online Image]7 May 2008 http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/bfish.htm -“The Skeleton of a Fish.” [Online Image] 7 May 2008 http://www.sportsmanschoice.com/A%20Note%20Worth%20Reading/fish.htm

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