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Influences and Challenges in Sport Coaching

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  1. chapter18 Coaching Sport

  2. Chapter Outline • Influence of Coaches • Status of Coaching • Coaching at Different Levels of Sport • Coaching Personality • Challenges for the Future of Coaching • Summary

  3. Positive and Negative Influences of Coaches Coaches affect the lives of athletes and fans: • Positive influences include how to set goals, learn skills, and develop discipline; maturation; leadership skills; integrity • Negative influences include punishing poor performance, focusing on winning at all costs, instilling prejudice, physical and mental abuse

  4. Suggestions for Improving Coaching • Establish preseason meetings with parents and players. • Develop organizational expectations for coaches. • Train coaches in effective coaching skills. • Develop a procedure for filing complaints. • Develop consequences for inappropriate behavior.

  5. Status of Coaching • More than 3 million youth sport coaches (mostly volunteers) • Few standards for coaches at any level • Standards often set by organizing group • Standards in youth sport often very low • National Standards for Athletic Coaches (NSAC) have been developed (2001) and adopted by some organizations

  6. Coach Training • High school • 36 U.S. states require coaching education for nonteachers • 15 U.S. states require coaching education for all coaches • 15 U.S. states require no formal coaching education • College • Most colleges require coaches to have a degree • Other qualifications include playing experiences • Most professional sports require experience as a player or coach

  7. Getting and Staying Trained • Avenues for getting trained • College (179 U.S. colleges offer programs in coaching education) • National Governing Body (NGB) • Often have training certification based on knowledge, skill, and competency • Certification often geared toward a specific group • Certification through a national agency • American Sport Education Program • National Youth Sport Coaches Association • Continuing education is important

  8. What are the differences between coaches who coach at different levels? • What challenges may exist for coaches at different levels?

  9. Coaching at Different Levels • Professional coaches • Often have experience playing at this level • Accept business of sport and commitment to winning • Needs to help athletes develop mental skills • Coaches of high-level amateurs • Skilled at teaching fundamental skills • Knowledge of personal and skill development • Knowledge of the mental side of sport • Ability to communicate with parents and agents (continued)

  10. Coaching at Different Levels (continued) • Intercollegiate sport • Varies based on divisional status of school • Experience playing or coaching the sport • Knowledge of NCAA rules • Commitment to winning • Interscholastic sport • Extra job for supplemental pay • Skilled at teaching fundamental skills • Organizational and administration skills • Knowledge of personal and skill development (continued)

  11. Coaching at Different Levels (continued) • Youth sport • Concern for athletes’ needs and welfare • Teach rules of the game and basic strategy • Create a safe and fun environment • Knowledge of personal and skill development • Males and females • Females and males look for similar coach qualities • Females motivated to improve own performance • Males motivated to beat others

  12. General Description of Coaches • Conservative • Clear concept of right and wrong • Respect for tradition and authority • Authoritarian • Focus on development • Model behavior on past coaches • Humanistic or invitational style

  13. What challenges are facing future coaching?

  14. Coaching Challenges • Develop national coaching standards for different coaching levels. • Adoption of coaching standards by all organizations • National certification process for all coaches • Mandated continuing education • Public awareness of coach education and certification • Recruit and retain good coaches. (continued)

  15. Coaching Challenges (continued) • Recruit female coaches at all levels. • Ensure safety of athletes. • Develop a recognition system for coaches that is not based on winning and losing. • Recruit minority coaches.

  16. Summary • Coaching can have many positive and negative consequences on athletes and spectators. • Steps can be taken to make coaching more positive. • The status and requirements of coaching change at different levels. • Future coaching challenges must be addressed to improve the field and develop it into a profession.

  17. On Deck… • Questions and comments • Assignments and readings • Next chapter: Future Trends in Sport • Effects of social trends • Changes in sport

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