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Code-Switching

Code-Switching. Insights and strategies for assessing and teaching reading in minority classrooms. Rachel Swords rachel.swords@nn.k12.va.us Interventionist National Board Certified Teacher Newport News Public Schools. A path of Teacher & Student Transformation. © Wheeler 2008.

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Code-Switching

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  1. Code-Switching Insights and strategies for assessing and teaching reading in minority classrooms Rachel Swords rachel.swords@nn.k12.va.us Interventionist National Board Certified Teacher Newport News Public Schools

  2. A path of Teacher & Student Transformation © Wheeler 2008

  3. A Typical Running Record

  4. One linguistic insight… When students read… “the pines was about to hold council” or “they built a fire to warm theirselves,” etc. They are not Making mistakes inside Standard English Instead, they are CORRECTLY following grammar patterns of the community language variety © Wheeler 2008

  5. That one linguistic insight… transforms classroom practice Build on students existing knowledge of their own community grammar patterns Add new knowledge of Standard English Empower students to make grammatical choices

  6. For reading assessments, this means… • Remember the purpose of the assessment • Recognize existing knowledge • Understand the grammar patterns of the students

  7. Home Speech Patterns

  8. The student accuracy score is 84% when home speech patterns are penalized. The student accuracy score is 90% when home speech patterns are NOT penalized.

  9. Assessment: Teacher sees vernacular features Assessment: Teacher sees grammar error Teacher Response: compare /contrast Standard and vernacular Teacher Response: Correct “Error” Student Response: Code-Switch Before After Student Response: Ignore correction Why? Teacher building on familiar grammar patterns Why? Misdiagnosis of vernacular student grammar © Wheeler 2008

  10. What does this look like in the classroom? • View student dialect as an asset • Use home speech as a springboard for teaching Standard English • Introduce literature that is rich in a variety of dialects • Encourage discussions pertaining to dialect

  11. Exploring character and setting in literature

  12. Flossie in the reading group: Students listen for language keys to character © Wheeler 2008 Code-Switching 12

  13. Students locate examples of informal language in literature

  14. Code-switching charts © Wheeler 2008

  15. Code switching students command language choices Uses Informal English to create voice, character David and Spy Mouse Code-Switching 15 © Wheeler 2008

  16. Code switching students command language choices David’s author’s note in full Standard English © Wheeler 2008 Code-Switching 16

  17. Thank you! Rachel Swords Rachel.swords@nn.k12.va.us

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