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Conservation

Conservation. Bioaccumulation & Biomagnification. Bioaccumulation Build-up of substance within body Lead in humans Calcium from milk to already strong bones Biomagnification build up of of substance along food chain DDT and birds Rachel Carlson’s Silent Spring. Build up of DDT

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Conservation

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  1. Conservation

  2. Bioaccumulation &Biomagnification • Bioaccumulation Build-up of substance within body • Lead in humans • Calcium from milk to already strong bones • Biomagnification build up of of substance along food chain • DDT and birds • Rachel Carlson’s Silent Spring

  3. Build up of DDT along Food Chain Bioaccumulation Biomagnification

  4. Do not post on Internet Peregrine falcon

  5. DDT Residues (ppm wet weight of whole live organism) Ring-billed gull fledgling (Larus delawarensis) Herring gull (Larus argentatus) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Green heron (Butorides virescens) Atlantic needlefish (Strongylira marina) Summer flounder (Paralychthys dentatus) Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) Hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) Marsh grass shoots (Spartina patens) Flying insects (mostly flies) Mud snail (Nassarius obsoletus) Shrimps (composite of several samples) Green alga (Cladophora gracilis) Plankton (mostly zooplankton) Water 75.5 18.5 13.8 3.57 2.07 1.28 0.94 0.42 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.16 0.083 0.040 0.00005 Data for a Long Island, NY estuary in 1967

  6. Global water reservoirs Volume (103 cubic kilometers) Oceans Polar ice, glaciers Groundwater Lakes, rivers Soil moisture Atmosphere (water vapor) 1,370,000 29,000 4,000 230 67 14

  7. Greenhouse Effect

  8. Greenhouse Effect • Gasses trap heat in atmosphere • Carbon dioxide, methane, CFC’s • Anthropogenic use of these gasses is increasing • Earth’s temperature appears to be warming • Hard to measure a world temperature

  9. Greenhouse Effect Increased greenhouse gases trap more heat near Earth’s surface. Surface radiates heat. Greenhouse gases absorb some heat and radiate it back toward Earth. Sun’s rays penetrate atmosphere. Enters as light not as heat. Hitting the earth, light changes to heat.

  10. Correlation in changes in atmospheric CO2 with ice ages and interglacials

  11. Carbon dioxide (CO2) 38 0 Concentration (parts per billion) 36 0 34 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 Time (years)

  12. CFCs 1.80 1.70 1.60 Concentration (parts per billion) 1.50 1.40 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 Time (years)

  13. Methane (CH4) 1200 1000 800 Concentration (parts per billion) 600 400 1998 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 Time (years)

  14. Nitrous oxide (N2O) 320 310 300 Concentration (parts per billion) 290 280 270 260 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 Time (years) Do not post on Internet

  15. 1620 1850 1850 (pocket only) 1990 Extent of deforestation in the United States Remaining virgin forest

  16. Satellite image of an iceberg roughly the same size as Connecticut Antarctica 2000

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