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Overview

Overview. Overview. Benefits of RATC Applications Real-time corrective Hour ahead corrective and preventive Day ahead corrective Day ahead market/economic based RATC algorithms. Benefits of RATC. Market models (day-ahead, hour-ahead) do not guarantee N-1 feasibility

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Overview

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Overview

  2. Overview • Benefits of RATC • Applications • Real-time corrective • Hour ahead corrective and preventive • Day ahead corrective • Day ahead market/economic based • RATC algorithms

  3. Benefits of RATC • Market models (day-ahead, hour-ahead) do not guarantee N-1 feasibility • RATC reduces contingency violations • RATC reduces costly out of market corrections Market Model Out of Market Corrections Contingency Analysis

  4. Benefits of RATC with Renewables • Renewable resources • Renewables impose locational reserve requirements • RATC improves reserve deliverability, reduces need for investment in local generation • RATC minimizes costly re-dispatch caused by renewables • Enables higher percentage levels of renewables

  5. Expected RATC Benefits • Cost savings: >2-5% avoided costs • System reliability • N-1, N-m, malicious attacks can be mitigated using real-time RATC • Reduction in load shedding: >5-10%

  6. Real-Time Corrective

  7. Real-time Structure • Computational time: < 5 min.

  8. Real-time Corrective Algorithm

  9. Real-time Corrective Topology Control Examples • PJM (2010) Manual 3: Transmission Operations. http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/compliance/nerc-standards/~/media/documents/manuals/m03.ashx • Sunnyside-Torrey 138 kV Operating Guide (AEP Operating Memo T029) • Historically, the Sunnyside-Torrey 138 kV overloads on the outage of the South Canton – Torrey 138 kV line. Opening the S.E. Canton 138 kV CB at Sunnyside will help to reduce the post-contingency flow on the Sunnyside-Torrey 138 kV line. • Page 107

  10. Superstorm Sandy • PJM lost 82 bulk electric facilities • 6 500kV transmission assets ; 3 345kV transmission assets ; 39 230kV transmission assets ; 25 138kV transmission assets • Caused extremely high voltage on the system during low load levels • “We were dealing with extremely high voltage on the system but a switching plan was developed to help alleviate these conditions.” • Via Andy Ott, VP of PJM: several 500kV lines were switched out to mitigate over voltage concerns during these low load level periods

  11. Hour Ahead Corrective

  12. Hour Ahead Corrective Structure • Computational time: < 15 min.

  13. Hour Ahead Corrective Algorithm (Renewables)

  14. Hour Ahead Corrective Results IEEE 118-bus Test Case Wind uncertainty: ±16% Reserve: 5% non-wind + 10% wind or largest contingency • Results to date from IEEE 118: • RATC produces multiple candidate switching actions for single events/contingencies • Candidate switching actions solve multiple events • Market solution (without RATC) failed N-1 contingency analysis with forecasted wind level • Market solution with RATC is N-1 reliable and robust against renewable uncertainty

  15. Hour Ahead Preventive

  16. Hour Ahead Preventive Structure • Computational time: < 15 min.

  17. Hour Ahead Preventive Algorithm (Renewables)

  18. Day Ahead Corrective

  19. Day Ahead Corrective Structure • Computational time: 2-3 hrs.

  20. Day Ahead Corrective Algorithm

  21. Hour Ahead Corrective Results IEEE 118-bus Test Case Demand uncertainty: ±6% Reserve: 5% hydro + 7% non-hydro or largest contingency • Results to date from IEEE 118: • RATC produces multiple candidate switching actions for single events/contingencies • Candidate switching actions solve multiple events • Market solution (without RATC) failed N-1 contingency analysis with forecasted demand • Market solution with RATC is N-1 reliable and robust against demand uncertainty

  22. Day Ahead Market/Economic Based

  23. Day Ahead Market Based Structure • Computational time: 2-3 hrs.

  24. Day Ahead Market Based Algorithm

  25. Day Ahead Market Based RATC Results

  26. RATC Algorithms

  27. Topology Control Algorithms • Greedy algorithm • Based on a sensitivity analysis • Fast, scalable algorithm for large-scale systems • Medium to short-term RATC applications • MIP heuristic • Finds the best single switching action • Long to medium-term RATC applications

  28. Greedy Algorithm

  29. MIP Heuristic

  30. Test Systems • IEEE Test Systems • PJM Dataset via FERC • TVA

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