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Objective Bits sound and Light

Explore the principles of sound and light, including natural frequencies, forced vibrations, stationary waves, particle displacement, and the wave theories proposed by Newton and Huygen. Delve into topics such as resonance in air columns, corpuscular theory vs. wave theory, and the properties of laser light. Gain insights into superposition of waves, phase differences, and the units of luminous flux and intensity.

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Objective Bits sound and Light

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  1. Objective Bitssound and Light M.Karthik Kumar Phy/che

  2. Sound • Every system has its own frequency called natural frequency • The vibrations that take place under the influence of an external periodic force are celled forced vibrations • When two waves of equal frequency and amplitude travel in opposite direction stationary wave is formed.

  3. A wave undergoes a phase change of 180 on reflection. • Distance between two successive nodes isλ/2 • Distance between a node and the next antinode isλ/4 • Particles undergo maximum displacement at antinodes in a stationary waves.

  4. Particle undergoes minimum displacement at nodes in a stationary waves. • The velocity(v) of sound wave of frequency (V) and wavelength(λ) is given by _____________. • A medium transmits a sound wave through it by virtue of its elasticity and inertia. • In a resonating air column stationary waves are formed.

  5. Periodic vibrations of decreasing amplitude are called damped vibrations

  6. LIGHT • Newton proposed corpuscular theory of light. • Corpuscles are repelled by the reflecting surface. • Corpuscles are attracted by the refracting surface. • The size of the corpuscles are different for different colours.

  7. Wave theory of light is proposed byHuygen • According to corpuscular theory , the velocity of light in denser medium is greater than that in rarer medium. • Corpuscular theory could not explain the phenomenon of interference, diffraction and polarization.

  8. Huygen's originally thought that for the propagation of light waves material medium is required. • For constructive superposition of waves phase difference between the waves should be equal to 2nπ • For destructive superposition of waves, the phase difference between the waves should be equal to (2n+1)π

  9. Units : • Luminous flux  lumen • Solid angle  steradians • Luminous intensity  candela • The wave length of He-Ne laser is 6328 A. • The process of achieving population inversion is called pumping • Expanded form of laser is light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

  10. Thank You

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