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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201). Other aquaculture systems. Method of culture. Ponds Cages Raceway Recirculating Others – tanks, strings, rack, pisciponic. Cages. Floating or submerged units Placed in open water i.e., lake, reservoir, river, estuary, open ocean Netting to hold fish

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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

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  1. PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE(AKU3201) Other aquaculture systems

  2. Method of culture • Ponds • Cages • Raceway • Recirculating • Others – tanks, strings, rack, pisciponic

  3. Cages • Floating or submerged units • Placed in open water i.e., lake, reservoir, river, estuary, open ocean • Netting to hold fish • Fed with pellet

  4. Floating Cages

  5. Cages

  6. Frame • Hold net • Stainless steel • Floatation devices

  7. Netting • Polyethlyene, polyester wire nylon • Net size < Fish size

  8. Depth: 1 – 2 m • Freeboard: 15-30 cm • Weightage at every side • Metal frame

  9. Submerged cages

  10. Cages Advantages • Continuous flow of clean/new water • Easy harvesting • Different species in different cages • Waste, excessive feed are not accumulated in the culture system • Stocking rate can be regulated easily

  11. Cages Disadvantages • Changes in environmental surroundings & water quality • Noxious algal bloom • Slower species growth compared to pond culture • Frequent net cleaning • Disease problem • Climate problem • Theft

  12. Requirement • Non-polluted area • Protected/sheltered area • Low drastic salinity change • Small waves (except cage in deep sea areas)

  13. RAS • RAS= Recirculating aquaculture systems • Water is processed to restore water quality • Recycle back to the culture tank

  14. Suitable when: • Land or water is limited • Natural water is of poor quality • Ambient temperatures for cultured spp. are outside the range

  15. RAS

  16. Biofilter • Substrate on which aerobic bacteria will grow • Bacteria change the form of nitrogen from toxic to non-toxic form • Toxic = Ammonia (NH3) • NH3 -> NO2 (Nitrosomonas) • NO2 -> NO3 (Nitrobacter)

  17. Flow-through • Water continuously flow

  18. Raceway • Water continuously flow

  19. Strings • Semi-controlled • Boat & strings/rope • Marine

  20. String/line • Bivalve & seaweed

  21. Pisciponic

  22. Pisciponic • Culture synergy of fish & plant • Maximum use of water, soil, space & increase production & income • Reduce nutrient need 75-100% • Minimum aquaculture waste • Japanese salad, kailan, tomato • Baung, keli, tilapia • Tilapia the best

  23. Stake • Semi controlled & marine • Clams/abalone/oysters

  24. Tray/Raft • Semi-controlled & marine • Bivalve (oyster/clams)

  25. Bottom culture

  26. Pen (Crab) • Introduced by Jabatan Pertanian Sarawak • Application – SEA & Australia • Cage constructed in mangrove area • Minimum cutting (20%) & sustain forest area • Ketam nipah Scylla serrata, S. olivacea, S. tranquebarica

  27. Sea Ranching • Selection of wild broodstock & artificial production of juveniles which are released into the natural environment then harvest • Semi-controlled • Species: Salmon, lobster

  28. Seacage cultivator • Combination of raft, line and cage • Facility: • Wave resistant • Ease of handling • Production per area is high • Semi control • Commercial species: abalone, sea cucumber

  29. Bioreactor • Culture of microalga for health product and live feed for fish, crustacean and molluscan larvae • Chlorella, Spirullina

  30. IMTA • Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture • Integration between seaweed and other aquatic organisms

  31. Backyard hatchery

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