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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201). Yuzine b. Esa , PhD. Contact details. Email: kelahzine@gmail.com Mobile phone: 0196655607 Consultation hours: Directly after class SMS or email!!. Assessment. Mid Sem Exam 20% Ind. Assignment 10% Lab report 10% Final Exam 40 %.

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PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

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  1. PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE(AKU3201) Yuzine b. Esa, PhD

  2. Contact details • Email: kelahzine@gmail.com • Mobile phone: 0196655607 • Consultation hours: • Directly after class • SMS or email!!

  3. Assessment • Mid Sem Exam 20% • Ind. Assignment10% • Lab report 10% • Final Exam 40%

  4. Today’s lecture • Introduction • History • Aquaculture status in Malaysia, ASEAN countries & global • Importance, problems & technologies of aquaculture

  5. Aquaculture: Farming/culture of different aquatic organisms including animals & plants in controlled or semi-controlled environment

  6. What is aquaculture?

  7. Aquaculture • Rearing/Farming of aquatic organisms in controlled or semi-controlled environment for the production purposes

  8. Aquaculture = Culture Fisheries Other fisheries: • Capture fisheries • Recreational fisheries • Ornamental fisheries

  9. Aquaculture 1) Type of aquatic organisms Animals & plants 2) Environment Freshwater, brackishwater, saltwater 3) Type of culture techniques or systems Pond, raceway, cage, pen, raft 4) Specific character of environment Cold-water, warm-water, upland, inland, coastal, estuarine

  10. Aquaculture involves: • Hatching/breeding (Hatchery) • Production (Grow-out)

  11. Type of water for aquaculture • Freshwater ( < 0.5 ppt) • Brackish water (0.5 – 30 ppt) • Salt water (> 30 ppt) What is ppt?

  12. Fishes

  13. Ornamental fishes

  14. Molluscs

  15. Crustaceans

  16. Other animals

  17. Plants

  18. History • Started in China (~500 BC) • Fan Li – Chinese Politician • Book : ‘The classic of fish culture’

  19. History of Aquaculture in Malaysia • Began in the 1920’s with extensive polyculture in ex-mining pools of introduced Chinese carps, mainly the bighead carp, silver carp and grass carp • In the mid 1930’s, marine shrimp trapping ponds were first developed in Johore • In the early 1940’s, the culture of blood cockles (Anadaragranosa) began. • This was followed in the mid 1950’s by the extensive culture of freshwater fish in earthen ponds.

  20. History of Aquaculture in Malaysia • Most of the carps which are cultured, such as the Chinese carps, Javanese carps and the Indian carps, were introduced by the British in the early 1950’s. • However, Indian carps did not last long as they compete with the Chinese carps and their appearance is inferior to that of the Chinese carps.

  21. History of Aquaculture in Malaysia • In the early 1970’s, great changes in aquaculture began to take place, when the semi-intensive culture of shrimp was developed in Johore. • Shrimp culture was characterized by very low stocking density combined with pond fertilization.

  22. History of Aquaculture in Malaysia • During the same period, floating net cage culture of marine fish, mainly the green grouper (Epinepheluscoioides), began to take place, followed by the raft culture of green mussels.

  23. History of Aquaculture in Malaysia • By the early 1990’s, aquaculture activities were further enhanced with the introduction of intensive commercial aquaculture with very high stocking density and complete dependence on supplementary feeding.

  24. History of Aquaculture in Malaysia • Commercial aquaculture was made possible through the establishment of government and privately owned fish and shrimp hatcheries, which started in the 1980’s. • The setting up of private feed mills in the 1980’s also contributed to the commercialization of aquaculture.

  25. Aquaculture- Global status Source: FAO (2010) Aquaculture: rapidly growing business! Need additional 27 million tonnes by 2030

  26. Annual growth production rate: • Aquaculture 8.9% • Capture fisheries 1.2% • Terrestrial farmed meat 2.8%

  27. Aquaculture- Global status Source: FAO (2010)

  28. Aquaculture- Global status Source: FAO (2010)

  29. Aquaculture - ASEAN • Major share to global food fish supply • Top ranked producers (volume & value) • China • India - Philippines • Indonesia - Myanmar • Thailand - Vietnam • Bangladesh - Malaysia?

  30. Aquaculture - Malaysia • 1920s – (Chinese carp began farming) • Polyculture of different Chinese carps • 1930s- Breeding fish in rice fields, Marine shrimp ponds • 1940s – Blood cockles • 1950s – extensive culture of freshwater fish • 1970s &1980s – big changes in aquaculture

  31. Aquaculture - Malaysia • Main authorities • Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-based Industry (MOA) • Department of Fisheries • Tenth Malaysia Plan National Key Economic Areas (NKEAs) -Agriculture

  32. Aquaculture - Malaysia • 3rd National Agriculture Policy • Promote sustainable aquaculture development • Aim to increase aquaculture production

  33. Aquaculture – Malaysia Aquaculture Industrial Zone (ZIA) -Zoning land & coastal areas suitable for aquaculture) - ~30,000 ha in different states -Aquaculturist income minimum RM3,000/month -High quality aquaculture products

  34. Aquaculture - Malaysia • Target – 662,000 tonnes

  35. Status of Aquaculture • Aquaculture facts • The highest production = shellfish (cockles) • The highest value = marine shrimp

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