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Physics and Measurement

This guide explores fundamental concepts in physics measurements, focusing on essential units such as meters for length, kilograms for mass, and seconds for time. It distinguishes between scalar quantities, which possess only magnitude (e.g., 5 m), and vector quantities, which include both magnitude and direction (e.g., 5 m east). We compare distance and displacement through practical examples, such as a person walking various distances in different directions. Additionally, it covers speed versus velocity and introduces vector components, providing clear illustrations for better comprehension.

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Physics and Measurement

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  1. Physics and Measurement

  2. Measurements • Basic units of measure • Length Meter • Mass Kilogram (1kg = 2.2lbs) • Weight Newton (1kg = 10N) • Time Second

  3. Scalar vs. Vector • Scalar • Measurement that has magnitude (number) • 5m • Vector • Measurement that has magnitude and direction • 5m, east

  4. Scalar vs. Vector • Distance • Measurement of length • Displacement • Measurement of distance in a certain direction • Vector measured from starting point directly to end point

  5. Distance vs. Displacement • A person walks 2 miles North, then 4 miles East, and finally 2 miles South. Distance = 8 miles Displacement = 4 miles, East

  6. Scalar vs. Vector • Speed • Amount of distance traveled in a given amount of time (m/s) • Velocity • Speed in a direction

  7. Vectors • For Force (weight) • Ever Electric Field Strength • At Acceleration • The Torque • D Displacement • M Momentum • V Velocity

  8. Vector Components • Vectors can be broken down into horizontal and vertical components • Right Triangles H Hsinθ θ Hcosθ

  9. Examples • Find horizontal and vertical components X = Hcos θ X = 20cos 30 X = 17.32m 20m Y Y = Hsin θ 30° Y = 20sin 30 X Y = 10m

  10. Examples • Find horizontal and vertical components X = Hcos θ X = 4.6cos 60 4.6m X = 2.3m Y Y = Hsin θ Y = 4.6sin 60 60° Y = 3.98m X

  11. Direction • Vectors always have a direction N W E S

  12. Direction • What if you don’t know which way is north? 90° 180° 0° 270°

  13. Standard Convention 90° 180° 0° 270°

  14. Example • A student walks 6m at 0° and then 8m at 90°. What is the resultant displacement? R R= 10m, 53° 8m θ 6m

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