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The U.S. government and its citizens believed that the nation’s “destiny” or fate was to expand westward from sea to sea. 8.6C. Manifest Destiny. 9 pages…. The Treaty of Paris had given the United States lands west to the Mississippi and north to Canada. . Treaty of Paris 1783. 8.6A R.
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The U.S. government and its citizens believed that the nation’s “destiny” or fate was to expand westward from sea to sea. 8.6C Manifest Destiny 9 pages…
The Treaty of Paris had given the United States lands west to the Mississippi and north to Canada. Treaty of Paris 1783
8.6A R • Orderly procedure for establishing territories and applying for statehood. • As a territory grew in population it gained rights to self-government • At least 5,000 men who owned at least 50 acres • 60,000 people must live there to apply for statehood. Northwest Ordinance
The Louisiana Purchase spurred the desire to move west across the country. Louisiana Purchase 1803
8.6B R • Economic – • New land for farmers • New trade routes and markets (Santa Fe Trail) • New opportunities to start a business • Political – • Expansion of our nation’s borders/territory • Expansion of slavery • Social – • Remove Native Americans • Refuge for persecuted groups (Mormons) Roots of Manifest Destiny
Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way – by Emanueal Leutze 1861
8.6D R Annexation of Texas
The new Mexican republic (free from Spain) wanted to draw more people to Texas • Settlers were promised land • These settlers outnumbered Tejanos and often ignored Mexican laws (slavery had been outlawed by Spain in 1652) • Texas revolution began in 1835 • Texas won its independence, but independence was not recognized by Mexico • In 1837 Texas asked the U.S. to annex it – Jackson and Van Buren worried because it supported slavery • New land became a worry to several presidents • John Tyler supported annexation, but did not win re-election Texas
President Polk quickly set out to acquire new lands. He had a great desire to expand the U.S. • Texas Congress approved the annexation of Texas in 1845 and it became the 28th state. • This angered the Mexican government • They considered Texas a “stolen province” James Polk
The border of Texas was heavily disputed between Mexico and the U.S. • President Polk sent out General Zachary Taylor with troops to the border to protect from a possible attack • Polk sent diplomats to Mexico City, to see about the border and offer to pay for California, but they refused to meet with them. • A Mexican commander insisted General Taylor remove his troops – Taylor refused • Mexican soldiers attacked, killed 11 Americans, wounded 5, captured the rest • Two days later, Congress declared war • This was considered a “War of Aggression” by many Americans Tensions rise
U.S. asked for volunteers to fight – got more than needed • First war fought on foreign soil • Americans fought several battles and won the majority • U.S. finally captured the Mexican capital U.S. – Mexican War
This ended the war • Grants the U.S. the Mexican territory of New Mexico, Arizona and California Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo
The U.S. paid Mexico $10 million to help repay Mexico for the annexation of Texas in 1845 • This fixed the southern border of the U.S. • This also opened up a warmer, southern route to the west. Gadsden Purchase
In the early 1800s Oregon was occupied by American Indians • Great Britain, Russia, Spain and the U.S. all had claims in this land • 1819 – Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain gave up lands beyond the northern border of what is now California • 1824 – Russia signed a treaty with the U.S. • Many Americans had moved to this land and desired statehood • 1846 – U.S. and Great Britain signed the Oregon Treaty – this set the boundary between the U.S. and Canada Oregon Territory
Rumors of rich farmland, forests, rivers full of fish and a good climate drew many settlers to the West. • It was a long hard journey by wagon train, but many Americans journeyed west. Oregon Trail
The discovery of gold in California sparked a massive immigration to that area California
The rush of settlers pushed many American Indians off their lands • The population of California quickly rises to the amount required for statehood • California’s proximity to the Pacific Ocean led to an increase of Asian immigrants as well 8.11A R San Francisco 1850 Native Americans attacked mining outposts and towns “Go west young man, go west!”
Settlers had many reasons for heading west. • Some moved for a better way of life – more land – freedom from cities • Some moved due to religious persecution (Joseph Smith - Mormons moved to Utah) • Due to the Second Great Awakening – many missionaries moved west to try to convert Native Americans to Christianity Why go West?
Wagon Trails West Wagon Trails West
The boom of California and the economy of the East required transportation to and from. • The Rocky Mountains were a barrier to travel • The southern route of the Transcontinental Railroad went through the Gadsden Purchase area. Other railroads were soon established. • This building of railroads made travel and trade easier from East to West Railroads
Westward expansion of the U.S. made many new cities and expanded old cities • Many immigrants from East to West and even other countries contributed to the customs of our country Growth and Customs
8.6E Areas Acquired by the U.S.
