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Angiosperm

Angiosperm. ~Flowering plants~. World’s Largest Flower. diameter up to one meter and can weigh up to 10 kilograms . discovered in the Indonesian rain forest . Rafflesia , the stinking corpse lily . General Characteristics. Flowering plants Reproduce sexually through flowers

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Angiosperm

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  1. Angiosperm ~Flowering plants~

  2. World’s Largest Flower diameter up to one meter and can weigh up to 10 kilograms discovered in the Indonesian rain forest Rafflesia, the stinking corpse lily

  3. General Characteristics • Flowering plants • Reproduce sexually through flowers • Process: pollination • Seeds are covered in a fruit

  4. General Characteristics • Most widespread of land plants • Over 250,000 species • 2 subclasses • Monocotyledonae (monocot) • ie. Corn, wheat, lilies, orchids • Dicotyledonae (dicot) • ie. Tomatoes, daisies, roses Pear tree

  5. Monocot vs Dicot • Cotyledon: seed leaf, primary embryonic leaf within the seed in which nutrients for the new plant are stored • one in moncots • two in dicots dicot monocot

  6. Tap root Fibrous roots

  7. Vascular Bundles in Roots • Dicot • Single mass of Xylem that makes an X in the middle • Phloem is between xylem Monocot -circular arrangement

  8. STOP HERE • LABNEXTCLASS

  9. Structure of Angiosperms (♀) Pistil Stigma Style Ovary Ovule Petal Anther Filament Sepal (♂) Stamen Stem (recepticle)

  10. Angiosperms Complete flowers have sepals, petals, stamens & pistils

  11. Angiosperms Complete flowers have sepals, petals, stamens & pistils

  12. Angiosperms Complete flowers have sepals, petals, stamens & pistils

  13. Angiosperms Complete flowers have sepals, petals, stamens & pistils Ovules

  14. Angiosperms Complete flowers have sepals, petals, stamens & pistils Bisexual flowers have both male (stamens) and female (pistils) reproductive structures; so complete flowers are also bisexual

  15. Angiosperm: Pollination Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma & Double Fertilization

  16. Pollination • 2 types: • Self-pollination: pollination within the same flower • Cross-pollination: pollination between 2 flowers • Wind-pollinated plants • pollen grains fall and carried by wind • flowers are small and plain with little fragrance

  17. Pollination • Animal-pollinated plants(“vector pollination”) • Plant provides nectar (good source of glucose) • animals picks up pollen • Pollen transferred to another flower by animal

  18. Bee-pollinated Don’t see red See yellow, blue, green and UV light best so flowers that bees visit are these colours UV markings on petals that only bees can see UV colors and patterns in the petals dramatically announce the flower‘s nectar and pollen Birds see red and orange flowers well.

  19. What colours do bees see? http://www.westmtnapiary.com/Bees_and_color.html

  20. Fertilization • Refer to handout

  21. Double Fertilization • Occurs ONLY in angiosperm • Pollen grain divides and form TWO sperm nuclei • One fuses with the egg to form a zygote • The second one (n) fuses with the 2 polar nuclei (n x 2) • Hence, 3N endosperm

  22. Seed plants and human welfare Even so, most of our food currentlycomes from angiosperms Just 6 crops – wheat, rice, maize (corn), potatoes, cassava (manioc), sweet potatoes – yield 80% of all the calories consumed by humans

  23. Seed plants and human welfare It takes ~5 pounds of grain to produce 1 pound of grain-fed beef

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