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Essential Formatting and Citation Guidelines for Academic Papers

This tutorial outlines critical formatting and citation conventions for writing academic papers. Key points include avoiding personal pronouns like "I" and "you," using present tense for literary analysis, and properly formatting titles of works. Learn to use full author's names in introductions, adopt an active voice, and minimize adverbs and adjectives for clarity. Proper use of transitions is also emphasized for smooth reading. Ensure adherence to MLA style with appropriate heading and citation methods to enhance the professionalism of your paper.

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Essential Formatting and Citation Guidelines for Academic Papers

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  1. Formatting, citation, and other tips Tutorial Quick Sheet

  2. Conventions for an Academic Paper • No “I”, “me”, or “you.” • I believe Thoreau expresses the desire to... • No contractions (don’t, can’t, won’t) • For literary analysis use present tense (Dickinson writes…) • Use authors’ full names in the introduction, last names OK in the body of the paper. • Titles of poems, essays, and short stories are in quotes; titles of longer works are italicized. “Song of Myself”; Walden

  3. Style (from Strunk & White) • Place yourself in the background • Don’t bring attention to the composition itself (“This quote shows…” or “This essay will…”) • Use the active voice (not “Emerson will be remembered…” but “People will remember Emerson”). Look for is, was, will be, are… • Write with nouns and verbs. Use adverbs and adjectives sparingly.

  4. Making your paper smooth... • Transitions help guide your reader through the paper. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/574/02/ • Introductions and conclusions http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/writeintro.html

  5. Format • MLA • 12 pt • Double spaced • Standard font • Heading on left • Parenthetical citations • Works cited page

  6. Kirrin Coleman • Mr. Johnson • American Studies, p. 3 • First Tutorial • 12 November 2009 • Emerson’s Use of Adjectives • Wow! Look at Emerson using that funky adjective. An amazing • author of blah, blah, blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah

  7. Quotes and Parenthetical Citations • Emerson exclaims, “I am nothing! I see all!”, then describes a hovering transparent eyeball (“Nature” 2). • According to Emerson, • These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and inaudible as we enter the world. Society everywhere […] is a joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better of securing, blah, blah, blhaoih djg eoi ert ertsdhiurtnkk…(“Self-Reliance” 4)

  8. Poetry • The speaker seems bereft: “I am a frog -- / on a Log” (1-2) • The speaker seems bereft: • I am a frog – • on a Log • but You’re a Bee • next to me– (1 – 4)

  9. Works Cited • Emerson, Ralph W. "Self Reliance." Ms. Coleman's American Studies Homework Page. Bainbridge High School, 22 Oct. 2009. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. <http://www.bainbridge.wednet.edu/bhs/staff/kcoleman/AS/AS%20homework.htm>.

  10. Works Cited

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