1. Urban Air Pollution

2. Get out Homework! • Out on your desk have the following: • Wind Review Worksheet • Stamp sheet • Pencil/pen • Red and blue PUT EVERYTHING ELSE AWAY!

3. Santiago, Chile

4. Mexico City, Mexico

5. Salt Lake City, Utah

6. Denver

7. Los Angeles

8. What is an Inversion? • Second Layer: • Clear, breathable, clean air • Surface Layer: • Dirty, brown, polluted air Boundary

9. Sources of Pollution • Cars • Factories • Ships • Airplanes • Tractors • Fires • Cooking

10. Density • Density • Amount of mass in a given volume 5 circles per cube Density =

11. Density • Density • Amount of mass in a given volume 11 circles per cube Density =

12. Temperature Affects Density 2 circles per cube 6 circles per cube Density =

13. Temperature Affects Density 3 circles per cube 10 circles per cube Density =

14. Which rises and which sinks? Density = Density = 2 circles per balloon 5 circles per balloon

15. Which rises and which sinks? Density = Density = 7 circles per cube 3 circles per cube

16. Normal Atmosphere COLD • Normal atmosphere COOL WARM • Air can rise and mix freely throughout the entire troposphere

17. Inversion Atmosphere COOL • Inversion WARM COLD • Air is trapped in the bottom layer of cold air

18. Inversion Atmosphere COOL • Mountains WARM COLD • Prevent air from leaving the city

19. Define • Normal Atmosphere : • Inversion Atmosphere : Air can mix freely through the entire troposphere Air is trapped in the bottom layer of cold air

20. Inversion Atmosphere Normal Atmosphere

21. Types of Inversions • Radiation inversions • At night or during winter, the surface cools faster than the air above it WARM HOT COLD HOT

22. Types of Inversions • Sea breeze inversions • Sea breeze injects cold air below warm air HOT HOT COLD

23. How to break an Inversion • Sunlight • Warms the surface faster than the air above, eliminating the inversion. WARM COOL COLD HOT

24. How to break an Inversion • Rain • Makes the atmosphere the same temperature and cleans pollution. COOL WARM COOL

25. How to break an inversion • Winds • Mix the atmosphere, eliminating inversion. HOT WARM WARM COLD

26. Discuss • What is an inversion? • How does it form? • How do inversions break?

27. Mumbai, India

28. Madrid, Spain

29. Air Pollution Negative Impacts • Decrease Visibility • Make Bodies of water more Acidic • Affect our health • Irritate lungs • Aggravate asthma • Lead to nonfatal heart attacks in elderly • Premature death in people with heart or lung disease

30. Describe how an inversion forms • During the winter surface cools faster than air above it • Sea breeze injects cold air in the surface

31. Types of Inversions • Subsidence inversions • Sinking air from high pressure compresses and warms air high above surface WARM COOL

33. Convection Demonstration