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This document explores the biochemical pathways involved in the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) in various metabolic processes, highlighting key compounds such as RuBP, glucose, and AcCoA. It covers glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin cycle, providing insights into how plants and certain microorganisms capture and convert CO2 into energy-rich molecules. The study of these pathways is crucial for understanding carbon cycling in ecosystems and developing sustainable approaches to mitigate climate change through carbon capture and utilization strategies.
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① CO2 (①) ①②③④⑤⑥ ①②③④⑤⑥ ①②③④⑤ ①②③④⑤ ①② ①②③④⑤⑥ (②①) RuBP • Glct Ru5P G6P 6PG Glucose ① (①②③④⑤⑥) (①②③④⑤⑥) (①②③④⑤) (②③④⑤⑥) (①②) CO2 (①②① ③④⑤) (①②③④⑤) (①②③④⑤) ①② (④③) ①②③④⑤⑥ R5P X5P F6P GLX (①②③④⑤⑥) (③④⑤) ①②③④⑤ ①②③④⑤ (③②① ④⑤⑥) (③④⑤) (①②) (①②①②③④⑤) (③④⑤) ① (①) ①②③ ①② ①② GAP S7P CO2 (④⑤⑥) Ile 3PG ①②③ GLY GLY (①②③) ① ①②③④⑤⑥⑦ ①②③ GAP (②) C1 (③) (④⑤⑥⑦) (①②③①②③) (①②③) C1 (①②③) (①②) (③) (①②) F6P E4P ① SER ①②③④⑤⑥ ①②③ ①②③④⑤⑥ ①②③ ①②③④ 2-keto-3-methyl-valerate ①②③ CYS ①② 3PG SER (①②) AcCoA (①②①②③④) (①②③) (①②③①②④) (①②③) ①②③ ①②③ (③②①) 3-hydroxypropionate ①②③ malonyl-CoA ①②③④ PHE TYR PEP malyl-CoA (①②③) ① (① and ④) ①②③④ CO2 ① (①②①) CO2 CO2 2-ketobutyrate (①②③④) ①②③④⑤ ①②③ methysuccinyl-CoA propionyl-CoA (④③②⑤) (①②③) ①②③ ① ALA CO2 PYR (①①②①②) CO2 ① CO2 ①② (①) (①②⑤) ①② 2-hydroxyethyl-ThPP (①) (②③) ① ①②③④⑤ (①②③①) AcCoA (②③) Citramalate ①②③④⑤⑥ GLOX ① (④③) ①②③④ CO2 (①②③④⑤⑥) (①②②①③) CIT OAA (①) PYR (④③②②①①) ①② ①②③④ ① (①②③) ①②③④⑤⑥ (①②②③④①) AcCoA ①②③ (①②) SUC-CoA CO2 (①①) ICIT ① ① ①② (①②③①) (②) ①②③④ (①) (④) CO2 formate (①②) (⑥) GLOX (①②③④⑤) MAL (①②②①) (⑥③④⑤ ⑤④③⑥) ① CO2 (③④) CO ① ①②③④⑤ Acetoacetyl-CoA (①②③④) (④③②①) AKG (①) ①②③④ ①②③④ (②③④⑤) (①②③④) CO2 ① SUC FUM (⑤④③②) (①②③④) ①②③④ (④③②①) (④③②①) (①②③④ or④③②①) 4-hydroxybutyrate