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Directions:

Directions:. Group Lecture This will take more than 1 day You will be required to do the following Take notes individually Complete journal entries individually Participate in group work during lecture Discuss in group all questions and topics covered

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  1. Directions: Group Lecture This will take more than 1 day You will be required to do the following Take notes individually Complete journal entries individually Participate in group work during lecture Discuss in group all questions and topics covered Discuss as a class journal entries and group work

  2. Group Roles • Presenter • Recorder • Timekeeper • Devil’s Advocate • Researcher (Shared by everyone)

  3. Archaic Greece 700-500 BCE

  4. Why a change? • Dark Ages  Classical Greece • It’s a big gap from the Dark Ages to the Golden Age of Greece • Why do you think this change may have occurred? • Journal Entry #1

  5. Changes • Population • Increased demands on farming • Greater division of Labor

  6. Population Growth • 780-720 BCE • Radical Pop. Growth • Perhaps 7 fold • Caused more towns and villages to appear • Communication increased • Increased circulation of skills and ideas

  7. Increased demands on Farming • Increased #of people = Increased amount of food needed • Poverty #’s Increased • Political power

  8. Division of Labor • More People • More demand for things! • People lived in increasingly diverse areas • Kings and Chieftains are no longer adequate • Changes in Political System occurred

  9. Ethnos • One form of political organization • Villages, small towns • Had common • Customs • Religions • Governed by Few

  10. Polis • City-State • A lot of city-states throughout Greece • Each was independent and ruled itself • Many were Monarchy, Oligarchy • Controlled the land surrounding the city state

  11. Linear B? • Lost during the Dark Ages • C. 8th Century BCE • Adopted the Phoenician system of writing • Administrative records • Soon indicated ownership, religious records, secular vows, and entertainment

  12. Tyrants? • Different meaning • Eventually takes on meaning we know today • Tyrants=King • Not Negative! • Motivated by desire to keep power • Promoted prosperity, protect farmers, encourage trade, public works

  13. Gender • Rights were not given to women • Roles were to raise children, isolated from their husbands • Good mothers, not intimate friends

  14. Sexuality • Do not compare to modern life • Bisexuality was the Norm • Not looked upon as bisexuality just sexuality • Pupils

  15. God and Beliefs • Polytheistic • Oracles • The ideas reflected the ideas and values of Greek mortals

  16. Group Pause #1 • Make sure that each person has sufficient notes. What are the major reasons for the change in Greek Society? Write those reasons here as a group, and describe a little about Greek life.

  17. Three main City-States • Sparta • Athens • Corinth • These three are pretty representative of the Helenistic World

  18. Corinth • Typically do not hear about Greece outside of Athens and Sparta…There were many different city states • Why do you think this is the case?

  19. Corinth • Where is it? What do you Notice about the Location?

  20. Wealth • Corinth, due to geographic location was very wealthy • Isthmus provided for thriving trade • Merchants • Textiles • Established colonies

  21. Society • Ruling clan --> Tyranny --> Oligarchy • As in other cities, tensions caused change and a new order • Social center • Prostitution • “not every man has the luck to sail to Corinth”

  22. Oligarchy • After the tyrants, Corinth set up an Oligarchy • Council of 80 (from each tribe) • Main power - 8 deliberators • Probouloi • Elected for long times (possibly life) • Effective and reliable as gov’t

  23. Group Pause #2 • How does Corinth fit into Greek life? Does it fit with your pre-determined ideas of Ancient Greece? Do you think other city-states will be similar, different? Why? Discuss this as a group and be sure and write your ideas below.

  24. Sparta

  25. Sparta • Now the good stuff right….THIS IS SPARTA • Short Clip • We all know the movie 300, but what can we learn from it? • Journal Entry #2

  26. Beginnings • Population Growth • Rich and poor  increased disparity • Expanding economy • Tensions

  27. Society • Ruling clan --> Oligarchy • Not same solution as Corinth, but similar conditions forced a change

  28. Two-tiered Social Structure • Homoioi • Homogeneous warrior class • Helots • State serfs • Mutual Mistrust • Outnumbered the citizens • Controlled through ritual murder

  29. Why is this important • Having a serf class with large numbers allowed Spartans to commit to military life!

  30. Gov’t • 2 hereditary Kings • Gerousia- Council of Elders • 30 men, 60 yrs. • Elected for life • Krypteia • Used for terrorism and holding power

  31. Military • Birth to 7 home with mommy • 7 yrs. Old  shipped to Aroge • State education system • 13 years of military training

  32. Training • Age 12  swords and spears • Given meager food • Steal to eat • 20 yrs.  Krypteia • Sent to countryside w/ knife and cloak • Could not return till killed a helot • Age 30  finished now an Equal

  33. What did the girls do? • Athletic competition • Naked as well • Footraces, spear throwing, wrestling • Athletic women good for • Childbearing • Agriculture • Became mothers and wives • Ran the household

  34. Group Pause #3 • Why the differences between Women and Men in Sparta? What type of relationships do you think people had with their husbands and wives?

  35. Economics • Banned coinage • Did not participate in growing network in Greek world • Military might, economic wimp

  36. Peloponnesian League • Non-aggression pacts with neighbors

  37. Wow Had enough? • There’s still more….

  38. Athens • With Ancient Greece comes Athens

  39. Athens • Largest area of any polis • Did not have pressure of increased pop. And economic prosperity like other city-states • Why? • Abundance of arable land and its commercial prosperity • Did not last forever!

  40. Athens

  41. Tensions rise • Growing gap b/t upper and middle classes • Aristocratic farmers owned most of land, poor farmers forced into debt • Children sold as slaves to pay debt

  42. Society • Ruling clan --> Tyranny --> Democracy • Again different solution, but similar conditions caused a change!

  43. Reforms • Debt bondage eliminated • Society broken into 4 classes • Based on birth • 400 member council • Worked for a while, then became tyranny

  44. Tyrants • Peisistratus • His Son Hippias • They ruled as absolute tyrants • Oppressed opponents gained help of Sparta and overthrew Hippias • Sparta and Athens reputation for opponent of Tyranny

  45. Athenian Democracy • Cleisthenes • Reforms set up basis for Athenian Democracy • Local tribes elected members of the council, military commanders, jurors, and magistrates • Not Democracy yet, but getting closer

  46. This brings us to the End • Finally • From here we are at the point of Hellenistic Greece • Or what you and I may think of as “Classical” Ancient Greece

  47. Group Pause

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