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Safety

Safety. Runway. Initiative. Participants. Airbus Embraer ACI IATA ERA Eurocontrol AAPA US NTSB AEA Honeywell. EASA CANSO IFALPA FAA/CAST LVNL Boeing DGAC France Flight Safety Foundation IFATCA NLR * ALTA.

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Safety

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  1. Safety Runway Initiative

  2. Participants • Airbus • Embraer • ACI • IATA • ERA • Eurocontrol • AAPA • US NTSB • AEA • Honeywell • EASA • CANSO • IFALPA • FAA/CAST • LVNL • Boeing • DGAC France • Flight Safety Foundation • IFATCA • NLR * ALTA

  3. RSI Meetings 1. Initial RSI meeting in Amsterdam 7 and 8 Feb 2007 2. Meeting in Brussels 30 and 31 May 2007 3. Meeting in Toulouse 6 and 7 September 2007 4. Meeting in Miami 9 and 10 January 2008 5. Meeting at NTSB in Washington on 7 and 8 May 2008 6. Meeting at EASA in Cologne on 20 and 21 August 2008 7. Meting at Boeing in Seattle on 13 and 14 November

  4. Definition:A Runway safety issue is any safety issue that deals with the runway environment (or any surface being used as a runway) and the areas immediately adjacent to it (e.g. overruns, high speed taxiways).

  5. Runway Safety Issues • Runway Incursions • Runway Excursions • Runway Confusion

  6. New ICAO Definition of Runway Incursion: “ Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.”

  7. 2007 runway safety events - TAROM runway incursion accident (0 fatalities) - S7 excursion report from MAK (126 fatalities) - Garuda excursion in Indonesia (21 fatalities) - TAM excursion (187 fatalities) - Southwest Airlines Midway excursion report - Air France A-340 Toronto excursion report

  8. Some 2008 Runway Safety Events - Hewa Bora DC-9 excursion (3 Fatal) - Kalitta B747 excursion (0 fatalities) - TACA A-320 excursion (3 Fatal) - Sudan Airways A-310 excursion (30 fatal) - Continental excursion in Denver (0 fatalities) - Several corporate aircraft fatal excursions

  9. Major Accidents Commercial Jets 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008 Source: Ascend Runway Excursion

  10. Major Accidents Business Jets 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008 Source: Ascend

  11. 2008 Runway Safety Data Total Accidents: 97 (44 Jet/53 TP: all Western and Eastern built commercial jet and turboprop aircraft, Major or substantial damage) Total Incursion Accidents: 0 Total Confusion Accidents: 0 Total Excursion Accidents: 38 (39%) - 32 Fatalities

  12. Data Availability • Runway Incursions - Good • Runway Excursions - Good for Accidents and Incidents with Damage • Runway Confusion - Limited (normally no damage, no injury, no loss of separation)

  13. 1977 - KLM / Pan Am Los Rodeos Airport -Tenerife Canary Islands

  14. US Airways Runway Incursion Accident – Los Angeles: Controller cleared aircraftto land with another aircraft on the runway. February 1991

  15. SASOctober 2001 Milan, Italy

  16. Runway Incursions • Part of the new breed of safety challenge - Not a lot of accidents - Numerous Incidents • Basic Risk Management: Risk = (Probability) X (Severity)

  17. The Players • AircraftManufacturers • Operators - Aircrews - Management • Airports • ATC • Regulators

  18. Manufacturers • Safe/Reliable Aircraft • Data and procedures for normal operations • Data and procedures for non- normal operations

  19. Operators • Stabilized Approach Criteria • True No-Fault Go Around Policy • Training • Decision making • - On approach - On the runway

  20. Airports • Airport Design • Lighting • Approach Aids (e.g. ILS, VASI, PAPI) • Runway Design (crown, grooved) • Runway markings and signage • Runway clearing/cleaning • Runway condition measurement • Runway End Safety Areas • Airport AARF

  21. ,

  22. ATC • Stabilized Approach Assistance • Pertinent and timely Information • - Weather - Runway Condition

  23. Regulator • Provide appropriate and professional oversight • Stabilized Approach requirements • - Approaches with vertical guidance

  24. Runway Safety Products Catalog

  25. Runway Incursion: Product TitleOriginatorType ProductTarget Audience 1. ICAO Runway Safety Toolkit ICAO CD and web Aircrew, Airports, ATM, Management 2. Runway and Surface Safety FAA CD and web Flight Instructors Pilot Examiners 3. Taxi 101 FAA CD and web Maintenance personnel 4. Runway Incursion Prevention FAA, ACI, CD and web Aircrew, Airports, ATM Program IATA, PAAST 5. European Action Plan for the Eurocontrol et al CD and web Aircrews, Airports, ATM Prevention of Runway Incursions Vehicle drivers 6. Runway Incursion CAST JSIT FAA (CAST) CD Aircrews, Airports, ATM Reports 7. FAA Runway Safety Website FAA Web site Aircrews, ATM, Vehicle Drivers 8. Enhanced Taxiway Centerline FAA CD and web Aircrews, ATM, Airports 9. AOPA Runway Safety Course FAA, AOPA Web site General Aviation Pilots 10. ALPA Runway Safety Course FAA, ALPA Web site Aircrews 11. ACI Airside Safety Handbook ACI Handbook Airports 12. Runway Safety: It’s Everybody’s FAA Handbook Pilots, Controllers Business 13. Pilot Guide to Runway Safety Sporty’s CD General Aviation Pilots

  26. Runway Safety Products Catalog • Runway Excursion • Product TitleOriginatorType ProductTarget Audience • ALAR Tool Kit Flight Safety Foundation CD Aircrews, ATM, Airports • 2. Managing Threats and Errors Flight Safety Foundation Web Aircrews • During Approach and Landing: • How to avoid a Runway Overrun • 3. Takeoff Safety Training Aid FAA CD and web Aircrews

  27. Runway Safety Products Catalog Runway Confusion: ??????????? (Many Runway Incursion Products may be applicable here)

  28. Runway Confusion Data Safety Incursion Excursion

  29. Accident Data1995 – 2008 Commercial Aircraft (Substantial and Major Damage,Western and Eastern built Turbojets and Turboprops) JetsTurbopropsMajor Substantial Major Substantial 286 372 528 243Total 658 7711,429 Total Accidents (of all types, not just runway safety accidents)

  30. Runway Safety Accident Data1995 – 20081,429 Total Accidents NumberPercent of Total Incursions: 10 (.7/year).6% Confusion: 4 (.3/year).3% Excursions: 417 (29.8/year)29 %

  31. Runway Related Accidents 1995 through 2008 Confusion Turboprop Incursion - Turbojet Excursion Turbojet Excursion Turboprop Incursion Turboprop Confusion - Turbojet Commercial Transport Aircraft

  32. Runway Safety Data1995 – 2008Runway Excursion Data • 36% of Jet accidents • 24% of Turboprop accidents • Turboprops have a higher risk of veer-offs Jets have a higher risk of overruns

  33. Business Jet Accidents 1991 - 2002 Total Accidents: 251 Excursions: 63 Excursion %: 25.1%

  34. Runway Safety Fatality Data1995 – 2008 1,429 Total Accidents(492 fatal accidents (33%)) Number of Fatal Accidents (Onboard Fatalities) Incursions: 5 (129) Confusion: 2 (132) Excursions: 34 (712)

  35. Fatal and Non-Fatal Runway Accidents by Type 1995 thru 2008 Fatal Runway Confusion Non-Fatal Runway Incursion Runway Excursion Number of Accidents

  36. Runway Safety Observations • Data shows we are being effective in preventing runway incursion accidents, but the number of incidents and severity still indicates a very high risk • Data shows runway excursions are the most common type of runway safety accident (96%) and the most common type of fatal runway safety accident (80%) • Severity of runway excursions dependent on:-Energy of aircraft when departing the runway - Airport layout, geography, and rescue capability

  37. Runway Safety Observations • New procedures (e.g. Auckland, NZ) may be helpful in reducing the risk in some runway incursion and runway confusion situations – but not all • In the case of runway confusion, many runway incursion interventions may be useful (e.g. moving map) • In the case of runway excursions, a major risk reduction factor is flying a stabilized approach with landing in the touchdown zone

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