Living Things & the Environment

1. Living Things & the Environment Chapter 21 Section 1 Pgs. 704 - 708

2. Key Concepts • What needs are met by an organism’s environment? • What are the two parts of an organism’s habitat with which it interacts? • What are the levels of organization within an ecosystem?

3. Vocabulary:(Copy these terms, but skip lines) • Organism • Habitat • Biotic factor • Abiotic factor • Photosynthesis • Species • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Ecology

4. What is an ecosystem? • All the living things and nonliving things that interact in a particular area make up an ecosystem.

5. Guided Reading Questions • An organism obtains food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its environment. • An environment that provides the things an organisms needs to live, grow and reproduce is called the habitat.

6. Example Habitats:

7. Guided Reading Questions 3. What needs of an organism are provided by its habitat? (food, water, shelter) • An organism interacts with both the living and nonliving parts of its habitat. Biotic Factor – any living/once living parts of a habitat (food) Abiotic Factor – any nonliving/physical parts of a habitat (water, shelter)

8. Guided Reading Questions 4. (T/F) An area contains only one habitat. False; an area can contain many habitats. For example, mushrooms grow is damp soil, salamanders live on forest floor, woodpeckers live in nests in tree trunks.

9. Guided Reading Questions 5. Identify the choice that is the biotic factor in a prairie dog ecosystem. • Grass & other plants prairie dog eats • Hawks, ferrets, other animals that eat prairie dogs • Soil that provides prairie dog with a home • Worms, fungi, and bacteria that live in the soil.

10. Guided Reading Questions 5. Identify the choice that is the biotic factor in a prairie dog ecosystem. • Grass & other plants prairie dog eats • Hawks, ferrets, other animals that eat prairie dogs • Soil that provides prairie dog with a home • Worms, fungi, and bacteria that live in the soil.

11. Guided Reading Questions 5. Identify the choice that is the abiotic factor in a prairie dog ecosystem. • Grass & other plants prairie dog eats • Hawks, ferrets, other animals that eat prairie dogs • Soil that provides prairie dog with a home • Worms, fungi, and bacteria that live in the soil.

12. Guided Reading Questions 5. Identify the choice that is the biotic factor in a prairie dog ecosystem. • Grass & other plants prairie dog eats • Hawks, ferrets, other animals that eat prairie dogs • Soil that provides prairie dog with a home • Worms, fungi, and bacteria that live in the soil.

13. Guided Reading Questions 6. Abiotic factors are the nonliving/physical parts of a habitat. They include: • Water • Sunlight • Oxygen • Temperature • Soil.

14. Water • All living things need water to carry out their life processes. • Human body is 65% water. • Plants need water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide to make their own food in a process called photosynthesis.

15. Sunlight • Needed for photosynthesis, and to help plants grow • One of the most important abiotic factors for living things • Without sunlight, few organisms can live and grow.

16. Oxygen • Living things require oxygen to carry out their life processes. • Organisms obtain oxygen from air, which is 20% oxygen.

17. Temperature • Temperatures of an area determine the types of organisms that can live there. • Some animals can alter their environments so they can survive very hot or very cold temperatures.

18. Soil • Soil is mixture of rock fragments, nutrients, air, water, and decaying remains of living things. • The type of soil in an area influences the kinds of plants that can grow there. • For example, billions of bacteria live in the soil.

19. Guided Reading Questions 9. Identify each sentence that is true about water. • It is needed by all living things. • It makes up 95% of the human body. • It it needed by algae and plants to make food. • It is an abiotic factor only for organisms that live in water.

20. Guided Reading Questions 9. Identify each sentence that is true about water. • It is needed by all living things. • It makes up 95% of the human body. • It it needed by algae and plants to make food. • It is an abiotic factor only for organisms that live in water.

21. Guided Reading Questions 10. The process in which plants and algae make food using water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide is called _____________.

22. Guided Reading Questions 10. The process in which plants and algae make food using water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide is called photosynthesis.

23. Guided Reading Questions 11. Identify the sentence that is true about oxygen. • Humans can live only a few hours without it. • Organisms that live on land get it from the air. • It makes up 40% of the air. • Fish get it from the water around them.

24. Guided Reading Questions 11. Identify the sentence that is true about oxygen. • Humans can live only a few hours without it. • Organisms that live on land get it from the air. • It makes up 40% of the air. • Fish get it from the water around them.

25. Levels of Organization -Ecosystems • Organisms do not live alone in their habitat. • Instead, organisms live together in populations, communities, and with abiotic factors in ecosystems. • The study of how living things interact with their environment is called ecology.

26. Levels of Organization • Organism - smallest level of organization; one individual organism.

27. Levels of Organization • Population – all the members of a species in a particular area

28. Levels of Organization • Community – all the different populations that live together in area

29. Levels of Organization • Ecosystem – the community of organisms that live in a particular area, along with the abiotic factors

30. Guided Reading 12. A species is a group of organisms that are physically similar and can mate with each other to produce offspring

31. Guided Reading 13. Identify the choice that is the example of a population. • All prairie dogs in a prairie dog town • All the bees in a hive • All the pigeons in New York City • All the trees in the forest

32. Guided Reading 13. Identify the choice that is the example of a population. • All prairie dogs in a prairie dog town • All the bees in a hive • All the pigeons in New York City • All the trees in the forest

33. Guided Reading 14. (T/F) All populations live in the same-sized area. False. 15. All the different populations that live together in an area make up a community.

34. Guided Reading 16. List the levels of organization in an ecosystem from smallest unit to largest. • Organism • Population • Community • Ecosystem

35. Guided Reading 17. (T/F) To be considered a community, populations must live close enough together to interact. True 18. In addition to a community of different species, what else does an ecosystem include? Abiotic factors – water, oxygen, sun, temperature, rock, etc.

36. Homework • Complete the “Living Things and the Environment” handout. • Use pgs. 704 – 709 to complete this handout. • Only answer questions #1-8. • Complete vocabulary (if not finished in class)