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Advancements in Permanent Magnets for Linear Colliders

This paper by James T. Volk discusses the utilization and development of permanent magnets in linear colliders, emphasizing their notable advantages such as zero power supplies, low operating costs, and temperature stability. The applications span across fixed energy transport lines, bending, focusing, and storage rings, alongside configurations at SLAC and Fermilab. The challenges of radiation damage and material impacts on performance are addressed, outlining future research avenues to enhance the function of permanent magnets in high-energy physics applications.

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Advancements in Permanent Magnets for Linear Colliders

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  1. Permanent Magnets forLinear Colliders James T Volk Fermilab James T Volk June 2002

  2. People already working on Permanent magnets LBNL Jose Alonso, Jin-Young Jung SLAC Seung Rhee, Cherrill Spencer, Jim Spencer SLAC Magnetic Measurement Group Scott Anderson, Zack Wolf Fermilab Magnetic Measurement Joe DiMarco James T Volk June 2002

  3. Why Permanent Magnets • No Power Supplies • No Cables • No Water Cooling • No Operating Expense • Temperature stable • Time stable • Easy to Assemble • Can be in-expensive depending on field required and material chosen James T Volk June 2002

  4. Where can they be used • Fixed energy transport lines • Bending • Focusing • Injection or extraction • Storage Rings • Final Focus near or inside of detectors • Quadrupoles in the NLC • Damping Rings James T Volk June 2002

  5. Permanent Magnets at SLAC • SLC 72 Sextupoles made of Sm1 Co5 • SLC final focus 4 Octupoles made of SM2 Co17 • PEPII two normal and two skew Quadrupoles made of SM2 Co17 • All small Halbach style magnets James T Volk June 2002

  6. Fermilab Recycler 8 GeV transfer line: 750 m long from booster to MI Gradient • Recycler: 8 GeV anti proton storage ring • Over 500 gradient, quadrupole, and sextupole permanent magnets Temperature stable Fields adjusted to within 5 parts in 104 Harmonics 1 part in 104 Sextupole Mirror gradient Vertical and Horizontal tune within 0.001 of design James T Volk June 2002

  7. Representative Dipole Technologies From Kem Robinson LBNL James T Volk June 2002

  8. Quads for NLC Quad Quad James T Volk June 2002

  9. NLC LINAC Quad Specs James T Volk June 2002

  10. Wedge QuadRods rotate to adjust field Poles Pole Magnets Wedge Magnets Tuning Rods Flux Return James T Volk June 2002

  11. NLC adjustable quad on SSW stand Stretched wire stages Quad James T Volk June 2002

  12. Wedge Quad Rod Turning Mechanism Tuning Rod Pin slides in slot turning rod May 2002 James T Volk James T Volk June 2002

  13. Center shifts wedge quad James T Volk June 2002

  14. SLAC Rotating Coil Data X max 2.5 m Y max 4.5 m James T Volk June 2002

  15. Counter Rotating Quadrupole James T Volk June 2002

  16. Counter Rotating Quad Data James T Volk June 2002

  17. Results James T Volk June 2002

  18. Issues • Improve center stability • Time stability • Temperature stability • Motor controls • Optimize Design • New Designs James T Volk June 2002

  19. LBNL & SLAC work on designing magnets (PMs and EMs) for the damping rings • Main Damping Ring lattices have been published with detailed requirements on all magnets • Have 2-D model of DR quadrupoles and transport line dipoles. The Nd Iron style magnets are of reasonable size • Investigated the Nd Iron quads, with rotating rods to generate the +/-10% adjustability, in more detail to see if they could meet all the requirements. • Jin-Young Jung (LBNL) used TOSCA to make a 3-D model of damping ring magnets James T Volk June 2002

  20. TOSCA model of ¼ Neo quad with a steel end plate James T Volk June 2002

  21. Radiation Damage Summary James T Volk June 2002

  22. Radiation Damage in SM Cobalt James T Volk June 2002

  23. Radiation-Induced Demagnetization(Japanese experience with 200 MeV protons) • Material Type has large impact Red: N48 High Br (1.4T) Low Hc (1.15 MA/m) Blue: N32Z Lower Br (1.14 T) Higher Hc (2.5 MA/m) • Material Shape has large impact (All samples are discs 10 mm dia) Circle: thickness = 2 mm (Pc = 0.5) Triangle: thickness = 4 mm (Pc = 1.0) Square: thickness = 7 mm (Pc = 2.0) - Higher Permeance coefficient increases resistance (x 10) • SmCo is much more resistant than NdFeB James T Volk June 2002

  24. Radiation damage tests Variety of particles p, n, d, , e used ND-Iron Radiation damage not well determined Energy is low Kev to Mev range No consistent dosimetry used All done on free bricks not magnets! James T Volk June 2002

  25. Radiation Test Dipole Design PM Material 2 inch gap PM Material James T Volk June 2002

  26. Radiation Damage Issues • Identify Radiation fields where PM could be used • Obtain consistent data on magnetic field loss • Determine Magnetic Field loss as a function of • Type of radiation • Amount of radiation • Dependence on Hc and other magnet parameters • Dependence on manufacturer James T Volk June 2002

  27. Conclusions • There is plenty of work to do with permanent magnets • Improve quads for the LINAC • Investigate other applications • Measure effect of radiation on various magnet material • Plenty of real work to do! James T Volk June 2002

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