Fish, Amphibians and Reptiles

1. Fish, Amphibians and Reptiles Physiology and Breeds

2. Species/ Breeds of Freshwater Fish • Egg laying fish- reproduction is by fertilization of sperm with the eggs from females that lay them

3. http://www.koisale.com/dicksfish/1kohaku500b.JPG Freshwater-Egg laying • Koi are a member of the goldfish family used in cold water aquariums. Prefer water temperatures between 32-68 deg F. Koi are moved to outside pools once they reach 5” in length and may grow to 3’ in length in a pool of adequate size. They occupy all levels of the pool or aquarium. Colors range from yellow or orange to multi-colors of blue, white, and red

4. Freshwater-Egg laying • Goldfish- Hardy and easy to keep freshwater fish who prefer pools or cold water aquariums that have temperatures in the range of 32-68 deg F. Recommended for the beginning ornamental fish pet because as long as water is kept clean, the type is not critical

5. http://www.dainichi.com/PrexistingImages/images%20for%20Goldfish/GoldfishZebra.jpghttp://www.dainichi.com/PrexistingImages/images%20for%20Goldfish/GoldfishZebra.jpg

6. Freshwater-Egg laying • Betas- Freshwater fish that are very aggressive. Males must never be put in the same aquarium. One or two females and one male may be put in a community aquarium, but it may affect their coloration. Most people them in a species-only aquarium. Betas prefer a 80 deg F plus/minus 3 deg

7. http://www.117.ne.jp/~moland/fish/beta.jpg

8. Freshwater-Egg laying • Tetras- These are easy to medium care ornamental fish that prefer soft water that is slightly acidic. It is a very sociable fish and does well in community aquariums. Tetras average 1 ½ to 3” in length http://www.petfishtalk.com/images/neon_tetras_001_w240.jpg

9. Freshwater-Egg laying • Barbs- freshwater fish that like water 73-77 deg F. They occupy lower levels and average 2-4” in length. They eat all types of food http://www.aquariumfish.net/images_01/tiger_barb_001_w180.jpg

10. Freshwater-Egg laying • Catfish- species grown as ornamentals include the Upside-down catfish, Glass catfish, and the Electric catfish. Prefer their water temperature to be 70-80 deg F

11. http://www.planetcatfish.com/images/full/mochokidae/synodontis/nigriventris/1.jpghttp://www.planetcatfish.com/images/full/mochokidae/synodontis/nigriventris/1.jpg

12. Freshwater-Egg laying • Chinese algae eater- soaking loach that grows up to 10” long when aquarium size permits. It has large fleshy lips, can cling to vegetation, rocks of the sides of glass aquarium. They are good community fish and feed off algae. They prefer a water temperature of 70-80 deg F http://aquarians.net.tripod.com/fishphotothumbnails.htm

13. Freshwater-Egg laying • Headstanders grow 3-5” long and are best known for the way they position themselves vertically with their head down while at rest. They are middle to bottom dwellers that are excellent in community aquariums where the water is maintained at 79 deg F.

14. http://www.aqualandpetsplus.com/Tetras132.jpg

15. Freshwater-Livebearing • Give birth to live young. Live in shoals or groups of five or more. Reproduction is accomplished by deposit of sperm by male inside the female to fertilize the eggs until they develop into nearly full formed fish

16. Freshwater-Livebearing • Guppies- Most popular and varieties only differ in shapes of their fins and tails. Water temperatures for guppies are between 68-75 deg F. May average giving birth to 50 young, but adults may eat the young fry http://www.aquariumfish.net/images_01/guppy_male_red_var.jpg

17. Freshwater-Livebearing • Swordtails- like environment similar to guppy, known for its sword-like caudal fin. Swordtails average 3-4 ¾” long and prefer water temperatures between 68-70 deg F http://www.fishdeals.com/livebearers/swordtails/home.jpg

18. Freshwater-Livebearing • Mollies- most molly species are black and differ only in the size of their fins. Prefer water temperatures to be 72-82 deg F. Like groups or schools, Mollies have problem with large fins may have fins grow so large swimming is difficult. Mollies prefer to dwell in large schools

19. http://www.aquariumfish.net/images_01/dalmatian_molly_w270.jpghttp://www.aquariumfish.net/images_01/dalmatian_molly_w270.jpg http://home.clara.net/xenotoca/blacksfm.jpg

20. Freshwater-Livebearing • Platys- these fish are very popular. They average only 2 ½” in length and like water temperature to be 68-77 deg F http://www.aqua-logisch.de/bilder/image012.jpg

21. Species/ Breeds of Saltwater Fish • Live in saltwater and require the addition of sodium chloride (salt) to create a marine environment • Most saltwater species of ornamental fish are egg layers

22. Saltwater fish • Angelfish- some can live in freshwater. They have a delicate appearance but are very hardy. Angelfish prefer water to be 77-86 deg F. Eggs are carried in the parents’ mouth and placed either in foliage or sand as a part of the incubation process

23. http://hem.bredband.net/b155331/american/angelfish.jpg

24. Saltwater fish • Butterfly fish- like water temperature to be 75-82 deg F. They are beautiful and very popular marine fish. These fish need lots of space because they are territorial and need to be separated from other butterfly fish

25. http://www.ravencruise.com/images/Bora%20Bora%20-%20butterfly%20fish%20eating%20pretzel.jpghttp://www.ravencruise.com/images/Bora%20Bora%20-%20butterfly%20fish%20eating%20pretzel.jpg

26. Saltwater fish • Brasslets- small popular colorful fish for marine aquariums. They like water temperatures to be 79-82 deg F and prefer a diet of brine shrimp. The royal gamma is the suggested Brasslet for beginner marine aquarists. Royal gamma mix well with other fish species, but must be isolated from their own species because of their extremely aggressive nature

27. Saltwater fish • Clown fish are known for their ability to live around the tentacles of sea anemone in a mutually beneficial relationship known as symbiosis. They are brilliant in color http://www.terrain.org/columns/12/images/clownfish.jpg

28. Saltwater fish • Sergent Major is a marine fish that grows to 7 inches in length. It is silver-blue in color with a yellow tinge on its body and has seven vertical dark bands on each side http://www.thepetstop.com/adminpics/20606.jpg

29. Amphibians • Newts and salamanders range in size from a few inches to 5’ or more. They usually have four legs and long tails • Frogs and toads differ in that frogs make croaking noise, have slender longer bodies, and moist skin while toads have rough skin and dry appearance

30. Newt http://www.caudata.org/people/JM/pics/phk2.JPG

31. Salamander http://www.dof.virginia.gov/images/wildlife-salamander.jpg

32. Amphibians • Frogs and toads • True frogs include the American Bullfrog and may grow to 14” long • American Toad is the common toad in the eastern US • The Green Tree Frog is actually a yellow-green toad with a yellow stripe running down its lower jaw back along its sides

33. American Bullfrog http://www.amomentonearth.com/American_Bullfrog.jpg

34. American Toad http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/howard.whiteman/field/amphibians/amphibiangallery/atoad1-American_Toad-on_grass-by_John_White.jpg

35. Green Tree Frog http://www.kookas-bnb.com/photos/frog.jpg

36. Reptiles • Boa constrictors are popular pets because they adjust well to captivity and tame quickly. Boas may grow 18’ long. They like to feed on small animals, birds, fish, and eggs

37. Boa constrictor

38. Reptiles • Common garter snakes adjust well in captivity and can be tamed. Easily recognized by stripes running the length of their body and may reach 2-3’ in length

39. Common Garter snakes

40. Reptiles • Green anole is an iguana that is often found in pet stores. It reaches a length of 8” and feeds on insects. It changes colors from various shades of gray to brown http://www.cowboy.net/~shipman/ANCA2.JPG

41. Reptiles • Skinks are very tame and make excellent pets. They are secretive and do best with leaves to burrow under. Skinks may reach 2’ in length

42. http://www.eitangrunwald.com/SC3-04/SC3-04p1_files/SC3-04p1Large/215_Skinks1d.jpghttp://www.eitangrunwald.com/SC3-04/SC3-04p1_files/SC3-04p1Large/215_Skinks1d.jpg

43. Reptiles • The Savannah Monitor is a lizard that can be used as a pet. However, they may reach sizes up to 6’ or more and become hard to handle

44. http://www.turtleworldsam.com/savahnamonitor.jpg

45. Reptiles • Common chameleon is a true chameleon that reaches about 10” in length. They can change their colors rapidly to adapt to their surroundings http://students.ncwc.edu/bio401/2002/education/g3c9a.JPG

46. Fish Nomenclature • Ornamental fish are fish kept for their appearance (bright colors and fancy fins), personal appeal to people and are not usually used for food • Tropical fish are popular fish for aquariums that come from the warmer regions of the world http://english.vietnamnet.vn/dataimages/original/images20441_goldmotion1.jpg

47. Fish Nomenclature • Marine fish are fish that are kept in salt water aquariums. Marine fish are often more colorful than freshwater varieties • Freshwater fish are fish that are kept in a freshwater tank. Often, they are the most popular fish for pets http://www.nzfreshwater.org/thumbnails/rainbow.jpg

48. Fish Nomenclature • Community fish are fish that do well in an aquarium with other fish species. Examples include: tetras, barbs, catfish, mollies, platys, and swordtails http://www.aquariumfish.net/images_01/blood_fin_tetras_001_w270.jpg

49. Fish Nomenclature • Species fish do best in an aquarium with fish of the same species. Examples include: Blind Cave Fish, Piranhas, Red-Tailed Shark, Schomburgk’s Leaf Fish, Spiny Eels, Killifish (one pair alone in an aquarium), Betas (alone in an aquarium) http://www.kargs.net/images/fish.jpg

50. Fish Nomenclature • Gonopodium- Modification of anal fin into a tube-shaped organ in male live-bearers that provides passage for sperm packets to enter the oviduct of the female • Live bearer are fish that give birth to live young. Examples include: Guppies, Mollies, Platys, and Swordtails