Principles that Do Not Promote Learning

1. Principles that Do Not Promote Learning

2. Multimedia Principle • Words should not be used alone in an e-learning course. • Graphics should not be used alone in an e-learning course. • Some graphics should not be used because they are decorative and do not promote learning in a way that is conducive to the learner. • For example, when words are used with no pictures they do not allow a learner to see clearly what they are reading. • When graphics are presented with no words, they do not allow learners to see what they are looking at.

3. Contiguity Principle • Contiguity Principle 1 • When words are not aligned to the graphics it makes it difficult for the material to be understood effectively. • For example, if a graphic is at the top of the page and the words are at the bottom, learners will not be able to understand how they correlate to each other. • Captions • When captions are placed at the bottom of the screen they do not give the learner a chance to view information in a synchronized fashion. • Contiguity Principle 2 • When narration is placed on a screen with audio, and it is not relevant to that piece of information it is difficult for the learner to follow along. • For example, when there is audio that does not go with the text such as hip hop music going with a narration about classical music.

4. Personalization Principle, Segmenting and Pretraining Principles • Personalization • The formal version of a style of information presented is not consistent with the way that learners think about a subject or respond regularly when they are learning about a new subject area. • For example, when a person is given information using words that they have never heard before rather than in a way that they can understand. • Segmenting • When information appears to be overloaded, it makes it difficult for the learner to process all of these things at once. For example, when someone is given a book and told to read the entire 400 page book in a shorter period of time. Pretraining When students are given a course online and made to go in and understand everything about it does not provide ways for it to be safe for a good learning experience.

5. Leveraging Examples • Showing only one example of a problem does not provide the learner with a choice of how to go about solving problems on their own. • For example, if there are multiple ways to get 2+2 and only one way is shown students won’t be able to expand on but one way. • When students are not constantly allowed to build upon a concept, they do not benefit from the learning most times.