Sexual Harassment

1. Sexual Harassment • ABUSE OF POWER • CREATION OF HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT

2. Flirtation V Harassment • Three things separate flirtation from harassment • Weather you have equal power • Weather you are approached appropriately • Weather you wish to continue contact • Misinterpretation

3. Harassment in School and College • Grade school and High School “boys teasing girls” • College • In the Workplace

4. Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, And Discrimination • Heterosexual Bias (Heterosexism) • Ignoring the existence of lesbians and gay men • Segregating lesbians and gay men from heterosexuals • Subsuming gay men and lesbians into larger category

5. Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, And Discrimination • Prejudice, discrimination, and Violence • Anti-gay prejudice is a strong dislike, fear or hatred of gay men and lesbians because of their homosexuality. • Homophobia is an irrational or phobic fear of gay men and lesbians. • Offensive language • Discrimination • Violence

6. Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, And Discrimination • Effects on Heterosexuals • Discrimination and Antidiscrimination Laws • Causes if anti-gay prejudice include • Insecurity concerning own sexuality and gender identity • Strong fundamentalist religious orientation • Simple ignorance • Ending Anti-Gay Prejudice

7. Sexual Aggression • Rape • Rape myths • Women Want To Be Raped • Women Ask For It • Women Are Raped Only By Stranger • Women Could Avoid Rape If They Really Wanted To • Women Cry Rape For Revenge • Rapists Are Crazy Or Psychotic • Most Rapists Are Black Men

8. Sexual Aggression • Forms of Rape • a) Date Rape • b) Stranger Rape • c) Marital Rape • d) Gang Rape • e) Statutory Rape • f) Male Rape

9. Sexual Aggression • 3. Motivation for Rape • a) Anger Rape • b) Power Rape • c) Sadistic Rape • 4. The Aftermath of Rape • 5. Rape Trauma Syndrome • 6. Effects On Sexuality

10. VI. Child Sexual Abuse • Any sexual interaction (including fondling, sexual kissing, and oral sex, as well as vaginal or anal penetration) between an adult and a prepubertal child. • Girls 3 times more often than boys

11. VI. Child Sexual Abuse • Extrafamilial abuse • Unrelated perpetrator • Intrafamilial abuse • Biologically related perpetrator • Nonpedophilic sexual abuse • Sexual abuse of a child that is not sexually motivated • Power and affection

12. VI. Child Sexual Abuse • Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur • 1) motivation to sexually abuse a child • A) emotional congruence • B) sexual arousal toward the child • C) blockage (other forms of sexual gratification not available or not satisfying) • David Finkelhor (1984)

13. VI. Child Sexual Abuse • Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur • 2) overcoming internal inhibition against acting on motivation • Poor impulse control • ETOH • Drugs • David Finkelhor (1984)

14. VI. Child Sexual Abuse • Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur • 3) Overcoming external obstacles to committing sexual abuse • Child supervision • David Finkelhor (1984)

15. VI. Child Sexual Abuse • Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur • 4) Undermining or overcoming a child’s potential resistance to the abuse. • Force • Psychologically targets • Insecure • Needy \unsupported • Offers of bribes, attention, affection • David Finkelhor (1984)

16. VI. Child Sexual Abuse • Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur • 4) Undermining or overcoming a child’s potential resistance to the abuse. • Young • Naïve • Special relationship to cabuser • Friend, neighbor, priest, or family member • David Finkelhor (1984)

17. Incest • Incest • Sex between relatives that can not be legally married

18. Father-Daughter Sexual Abuse • The most traumatic form

19. Brother-Sister Sexual Abuse • Can be exploitative or nonexploitative • Exploitative is more damaging • Brother sister age difference is an important factor • Should be considered for more research

20. Uncle-Niece Sexual Abuse • A significant source of sexual abuse • One study found it to be more common than Father-Daughter abuse

21. Children at Risk • Children Who • Are female • Are preadolescent 10-12-year-olds • Have absent or unavailable parents • Have poor relationship with parents • Have parents in conflict • Live with a stepfather

22. Effects of Child Sexual Abuse • Emotional disturbances • Physical consequences • Sexual disturbances • Social disturbances

23. Effects of Child Sexual Abuse (Long Term) • Depression • Self-destructive tendencies • Somatic disturbances and dissociation • negative self-concept • Interpersonal relationship difficulties • Re-victimization • Sexual problems

24. Trauma • Traumatic sexualization • Betrayal • Powerlessness (fear anxiety) • Stigmatization

25. Treatment • Work at several levels at once • Long term • Treat victim and perpetrator • Treat the whole family and individual inter-relation

26. PREVENTION • Good and bad touching • Supervision • Educating adults, children and professionals • Teach children to tell adults about abuse • Parents should ask children what is happening in their lives