1. CHAPTER EIGHT Justice and Peace

2. Christians and Peace • . Why should we care about peace? • . Christians must be peacemakers • To engage in the work of peace means we must work for justice, and justice requires forgiveness • Peacemaking is enhanced by our practice of the virtues • Prayer is essential for developing a spirituality of peacemaking the tranquility of order; a gift from Jesus Christ What is peace?

3. Christians and Peace • The Church teaches us about peace in several important documents: • 1. The Church in the Modern World: written during Vatican II and says “Peace is an enterprise of justice” • 2. The Challenge of Peace: a document written by the bishops that outlines their ideas about peace and says Peacemaking begins in a person’s heart • 3. The Harvest of Justice is Sown in Peace: a letter commemorating the tenth anniversary of The Challenge of Peace, says that We must be humble, gentle, and patient with people. We must also be strong, active, and bold to spread the gospel of peace

4. Christians and Peace

5. Christians and Peace • Causes of War Political Cultural/religious Economic

6. The Meaning of Peace in the Bible • Did you know… • Peace is a central theme in the Bible and has a variety of meanings in the scriptures. • Peace can mean: • Individual sense of security • Cessation of armed hostility among the nations • A right relationship with God • The end of time

7. The Meaning of Peace in the Bible • Peace in the Old Testament • Peace develops into a rich image that is understood in light of Israel’s relationship to God • Peace is stressed as a unity and harmony of the whole community with other peoples and with creation itself • Peace is one of the fruits of keeping the covenant with God • Peace in the New Testament • Jesus commands us to forgive and love even in the face of threat or opposition • Jesus left us the gift of peace and the Holy Spirit to help us to be missionaries of peace

8. Responding to conflict Ways to respond to armed conflict nonviolence just war

9. Nonviolence Q.What does the Church tells us about nonviolence? A.Church teaching always begins with a presumption against war, advocating peaceful settlement of disputes A. the Church also recognizes the right and duty of legitimate political authorities to employ limited force as a last resort to save innocent people and to establish peace when nonviolent action has failed

10. Nonviolence Three levels of violence:

11. Nonviolence • Not passivity: the “sit back and do nothing” approach • Nonviolence requires courage, patience, action, creativity, and a passionate commitment to seek justice and truth no matter what the price Refuses to engage in armed conflict or wars considered unjust or because of religious convictions Conscientious objector

12. The Just-War Tradition

13. The Just-War Tradition

14. The Just-War Tradition Someone who objects to and refuses to participate in wars and rejects any recourse to violence regardless of the circumstances pacifist The damage inflicted and the costs incurred to be commensurate with the good expected Principle of proportionality

15. The Just-War Tradition - What may never be permitted in a war: • War aimed at entire cities or extensive areas • Any act that has great potential for widespread destruction • Arms race does not ensure peace

16. The Just-War Tradition • Did you know… • The Church supports laws that would make provisions for conscientious objectors who refuse to bear arms provided they accept some other form of community service. • The most effective way to stop terrorism is to remove its causes of poverty, and the powerlessness of people around the world because of oppression and the lack of respect for their basic human rights

17. Peacemaking Strategies - A task for both individuals and societies

18. Peacemaking Strategies • Global option for the poor

19. Peacemaking Strategies • Global solidarity • Requires us to commit ourselves to the common good of all people • World’s rich nations will promote development of poorer nations

20. Peacemaking Strategies • Q. What are the steps to building a more peaceful international community? • A. Strengthen international institutions like the United Nations • A. Work to secure human rights • A. Promote true development of the poorer nations What are thesteps to righting the inequities of the world? • Improve foreign aid • Rectify trade relationships • Relieve international debt • End arms race, halt arms trade and ban landmines

21. Vocabulary • peace • levels of violence • Just war tradition • principle of proportionality • pacifist • conscientious objector