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Comprehensive Standards for Fulldome Show Creations: Video, Audio, and Projection Specifications

This summary outlines the essential standards for fulldome show creations, focusing on video and sound specifications for projection systems. It details the criteria for video resolution, frame frequency, and rendering times, comparing various standards such as PAL, NTSC, and HDTV formats. The document also addresses fish-eye image generation, hemispherical screen coverage, and sound reproduction systems, including file formats and standardization needs. The conclusion emphasizes adapting standards to market specifications to ensure compatibility across diverse planetarium environments.

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Comprehensive Standards for Fulldome Show Creations: Video, Audio, and Projection Specifications

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  1. FULLDOME STANDARDS SUMMITIPS 2004 Standardize Show Creations

  2. SUMMARY • Video: Projection System Specifications • Images: Rendering, Resolution, Splitting • Sound: Reproduction systems, exchange format

  3. Video: Projection System Specifications • Video standards • Projection System Resolution • Projection System Frequency

  4. Video Standards • PAL/SECAM 720*576 25fps • NTSC 720*480 30fps • HDTV ->16/9 Format not adapted to 4/3 models used

  5. Projection System Resolution • Graphical Channel: • Projector • DLP 1280 * 1024 (SXGA) • CRT 3200 * 2560 • Computer • Graphical Card 2048 * 1536 • MicroProcessor • Video 1600 * 1200 (UXGA) • Real Time 1600 * 1200 (UXGA)

  6. Projection System Frequency • Computer Frequency (cinema 24fps) • 25fps (Historically ->PAL) • 30fps (Historically ->NTSC) • Projection Frequency • 75Hz • adapted to 25fps (cycle 3) • 30fps acceptable to broadcast (cycle 3-2) • 60Hz • adapted to 30fps (cycle 2) • 25fps difficult to broadcast (cycle 3-2-3-2-2)

  7. Resolution, Frequency and Rendering Time • Rendering Time according to the resolution Average on a P4 2.4GHz mono-processor • Rendering at 25fps instead of 30fps allows a 20% reduction of rendering time and image storage

  8. Images: Rendering, Resolution, Splitting • Fish-Eye Image Generation • Fish-Eye Resolution Approach • Fish-Eye Image Splitting

  9. Fish-Eye Image Generation • Direct Fish-Eye Rendering • Hemi-cubic Rendering • Camera Rendering

  10. Fish-Eye Resolution Approach • Effective Pixels of the Projection System • Number of Channels * Video Resolution - 20% of soft-edge • Effective Pixels of the Fish-Eye image (square image) • Area in pixels of the circle in « Image Height » diameter • 10% Increase

  11. Fish-Eye Image Splitting • To obtain a Fish-Eye image with one file per channel • Special Software creation • Necessity to standardize the different projection configurations • Number of projectors • Hemispherical Screen Covering (165°, 170°, 180°) • Camera Parameters

  12. Sound: Reproduction System, Exchange Format • Sound Reproduction Systems • File Format and Exchange

  13. Reproduction Systems • 5 + 1 • 7 + 1 • Others… -> Loudspeaker standardization for a sound with the same quality anywhere in the dome

  14. Files Format and Dispatching • PCM 48KHz (mono file: around 125Mb for 25 minutes) • Supplying of (= around 3.75 Gb): • 7+1 with voice OV: 8 mono files • 5+1 with voice OV: 6 mono files • 7+1 without voice: 8 mono files • 5+1 without voice: 6 mono files • OV Voice: 1 stereo file

  15. Conclusion To Define a Standard: • To take into account the world market specifications • The market must not adapt itself to the standard, but the standard must adapt itself to the market • It must be always possible to adapt a standardized show to a non standard planetarium

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