Word of the Day

1. Word of the Day • Navigable- somewhere that is able to be traveled (by car, boat, foot, etc…) • Write definition in your own words • Picture: • Sentence:

2. Objective: • Identify and Explain the geographic factors responsible for patterns of population and location of economic activities

3. Central America & The Caribbean

4. Map of Central America (p. 144 & 155) • Cuba • Haiti • Panama • Guatemala • Atlantic Ocean • El Salvador • Belize • Costa Rica • Nicaragua • Dominican Republic • Colombia • Draw all mountains

5. Discuss with your group…30 seconds What geographic features (type of land, water, etc.) influence people to settle in a place? Why?

6. Population Map (Atlas p.46) • Where does it look like people chose to settle? • Is that what you predicted in the warm up? • What do you think influenced where people settled in Central America? • Identify geographic factors that encourage high population of certain areas in Central America.

7. Why do people settle in certain places? (notes) • Near Water (for food and trade) • Natural Resources Available • Fertile Soil for Farming • Good Climate • These things are responsible for the patterns of population we see in the world. Most early settlements eventually became big cities… EXCEPT….

9. The Mayans (notes) • Settled in the Mountains because of rich natural resources • Western Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize • Their settlements didn’t grow into cities. • Ancestors are still there in small villages (not big cities) because they are hard to reach in the mountains.

10. Population Density Population Density= the number of people that live in a specified land area • Usually the number of people in a country divided into the total land area of that country. • Tells how inhabited a place is. Population density can be affected by many things: • Geographic barriers (rivers, mountains, etc.) In Panama the population density is LOW • There is not a lot of inhabitable land due to non-navigable rivers, jungles and swamps. • Most people live in 1 or 2 cities with very few people living anywhere else.

11. Population Density: • Jamaica is a small island with a high population for the island. • This causes the population density to be ______.

12. How to read a population density chart What is the size of the United States? How many people live in each kilometer? Is this more or less than Mexico? What do you think explains this?

13. 3rd block 4th block • Word of the day: • modification-the process of changing parts of something Picture: Sentence:

14. The Panama Canal

15. The Panama Canal (notes) • What do we already know about the Panama Canal? • Where is it located? • Why is it there? • Why is its location important? (pg 47 Land Use and Resources) What is the only thing located in Panama?

16. The Panama Canal Where is it? The canal was built across the isthmus of Panama. Why is it there? The canal was built to make a pathway across Central America for shipping, trade, and travel. Why is it important? Trade between countries on the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean increased TREMENDOUSLY after the canal opened in 1914. Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean

17. Geographic Barriers What are geographic Barriers? Natural barriers that separate people such as oceans, rivers, mountains, etc. What geographic barriers can you see on this map? What geographic barriers do you think might make it difficult for Haiti and Cuba to trade with other nations in Central America? Caribbean Sea

18. What geographic barriers have kept the Maya villages from turning into big cities?

19. Geographic Barriers in Central America & The Caribbean (notes) • Haiti and Cuba • Both have trouble trading with the rest of Central America (and other places) because shipping is EXPENSIVE and both of these are islands. (pg 47 Land Use and Resources) • Panama • Landscape is very rugged and filled with rivers, swamps, and jungles. (pg 24 and 25) (how could we modify Panama to make it more inhabitable?) • Non-navigable rivers make it difficult for Panamanian authorities to control their territory.

20. How might geography affect policies made by a government?

21. Geography affects policy • Policies are rules or laws created by governments to address problems or protect people. • Some governments make laws requiring people to recycle and participate in other conservation methods. • Governments regulate trade between nations • Governments make laws to help stop global warming and climate change.

22. Geographic Processes • Erosion, ocean currents and natural disasters caused by geography • Earthquakes • Tsunamis • Volcanoes • Hurricanes • Tornados • These can be devastating to an area during and AFTER the event • Earthquakes cause more than buildings to collapse • Fires • Floods (from broken dams or levees) • Landslides • Tsunamis

23. Geographic Processes Example: Haiti earthquake 2010 • Most of Haiti's capital city was destroyed • Over 150, 000 people were killed • Rebuilding efforts are still going on although very, very slowly • Poverty is everywhere • Thousands live in makeshift houses or tents • People have very little to eat, little clean water to drink, and no sanitation • Conditions since the earthquake have caused outbreaks of disease (cholera) which has killed thousands more

24. The earthquake that rocked Haiti back in January (2010) caused unimaginable death and destruction, and as the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti lacks the resources for a high tech (or even normal tech) rebuilding of its infrastructure. But what the country's inhabitants lack in material wealth they almost make up for with their ingenuity and perseverance. -Aaron Hotfelder

28. The Earthquake in Haiti http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/video/2012/jan/12/haiti-two-years-on-audio-slideshow

29. Reading on Haiti • Read the handout and create a summary • What type of literature is this? • In your summary include: • Who • What • When • Where • why

30. Modification In what ways do people change their environment to meet their needs? Are there any circumstances where altering the environment isn’t ok? Who should be in charge of deciding that?

31. Pyramid Game • Get with your partner…. • One person face the front of the room, the other person face the back of the room

32. Geographic barriers • Policies • Modification • Panama Canal • Haiti

33. MONDAY

34. Week 2: Word of the day • Add week two, to your journal on page 22 The word of the day is: sanction Definition: a punishment or penalty Picture: Sentence:

35. Merriam-Webster dictionary: • an action that is taken or an order that is given to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with that country, by not allowing economic aid for that country, etc.

36. objective • 6.1B analyze the historical background of Cuba and Haiti to evaluate relationships between past conflicts and current conditions. • 6.8C Explain the impact of relative scarcity of resources on international trade and economic interdependence

37. History • Regions in Central America and the Caribbean: Haiti, Cuba, Guatemala, Panama • A major source enabling world trade is the Panama Canal • Societies of this region today are vastly different economically, politically and socially. • While government instability has played an important role in the shaping of the region, countries remain independent.

38. History of Central America • Invaded primarily by Spain (some by France) • Natives were conquered and enslaved • Lands were colonized by Spain and France

39. Open to your map…. • Outline Haiti in green to show that it was colonized by French • Outline other countries in red to show that they were colonized by Spanish • Create a key at the bottom of your map…

40. Word of the Day • Corrupt • Definition: doing unfair and unlawful things to benefit yourself • Picture: • Sentence:

41. Haiti… According to a Corruption Perceptions Index report in 2006, there is a strong correlation between corruption and poverty and Haiti ranked first of all countries surveyed for levels of perceived domestic corruption. The International Red Cross reports that seven out of ten Haitians live on less than $2 a day.

42. Haiti has consistently ranked among the most corrupt countries in the world on the Corruption Perceptions Index. It is estimated that President "Baby Doc" Duvalier, his wife Michelle, and three other people took $504 million from the Haitian public treasury between 1971 and 1986.

43. Kleptocracy: • A government characterized by rampant greed and corruption

44. Scarcity: • Scarcity is the fundamental economic problem of having seemingly unlimited human wants and needs in a world of limited resources. It states that society has insufficient productive resources to fulfill all human wants and needs. Alternatively, scarcity implies that not all of society's goals can be pursued at the same time; trade-offs are made of one good against others.

45. So basically… • Scarcity is not having the resources to fulfill all human wants and needs… Which leads to poverty

46. Because of this… • Because of the scarcity…. • Haiti is economically interdependent. • Economically interdependent: having to rely on other countries and organizations for aid.

47. 3rd

48. 3rd block

49. Countries are effected by… • Past conflicts impact the current economic, social, and/or political life in a contemporary society. • For example: • Cold War sanctions on Cuba • Revolution and minimally effective government (kleptocracy) in Haiti

50. Cold War in Cuba The Cold War in Cuba led to the US putting sanctions on Cuba because they abused human rights. -No American travel to Cuba -No trading with Cuba