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Key Moments in Iraqi History

Key Moments in Iraqi History. Saddam Hussein. 1937-2006 Born in a village near Tikrit, north of Baghdad General Bakr, a relative of Hussein’s, becomes the country’s leader in 1968 Hussein becomes Bakr’s deputy and rules country alongside the General until 1979 when he becomes President.

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Key Moments in Iraqi History

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  1. Key Moments in Iraqi History

  2. Saddam Hussein • 1937-2006 • Born in a village near Tikrit, north of Baghdad • General Bakr, a relative of Hussein’s, becomes the country’s leader in 1968 • Hussein becomes Bakr’s deputy and rules country alongside the General until 1979 when he becomes President

  3. Saddam Hussein: Use of Chemical Warfare • Mustard gas and nerve gas used against Iranians during war. • Beginning in 1988, use of chemical weapons against Iraqi Kurds • March 16, 1988: Iraqi planes drop bombs containing chemicals on the Kurdish city of Halajba • 3200-5000 people killed with many others suffering from long term health problems (Show video) • Iraq's "Anfal" offensive - a seven-month scorched-earth campaign, including the use of chemical warfare, in which an estimated 50,000 to 100,000 Kurdish villagers were killed or disappeared • http://www.halabja.org/

  4. Kuwait Invasion, 1st Gulf War • Causes • Hussein claimed Kuwait was pumping more than the agreed upon amount of oil from the countries shared fields • Iraq never accepted Kuwait as an independent country • Kuwait refused to wave Iraq’s war debts • August 2, 1990: Iraqi forces cross border and control Kuwait City

  5. International Reaction • November 1990: UN issues a deadline for Iraq to leave Kuwait • January 17, 1991: Allied (US, Britain, etc) aerial bombings and missile strikes begin • February 24, 1991: Ground war begins • February 26, 1991: Iraqi soldiers withdraw from Kuwait

  6. Causes of the 2nd Gulf War • U.S. under President Bush perceived Iraq as a threat in the post September 11th World. • Belief Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction • Alleged human rights violations under government of Saddam Hussein • Alleged links between Iraqi government and terrorist organizations

  7. 2nd Gulf War • March 19, 2003: Invasion of Iraq begins • Primarily U.S. and British forces launching from bases in Kuwait • Iraqi government collapses in 3 weeks • Oil fields secured • April 9, 2003: U.S. troops take city of Baghdad and Saddam Hussein’s regime declared over

  8. Effects of 2nd Gulf War • Saddam Hussein captured, tried, and convicted of crimes against humanity • Executed in 2006 • No weapons of mass destruction found • War increasingly unpopular in U.S. as troops remain in Iraq • Democracy established but weak and struggling thus far • Continued violence: suicide bombings and terrorist attacks against U.S. soldiers and Iraqi citizens

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