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Transport Planning in Motorcycle Dependent Cities: Current Issues and Future Perspectives

This presentation discusses the transport problems and planning issues in motorcycle dependent cities, as well as future perspectives for transport planning. Dr. Khuat Viet Hung, an expert in transport planning, provides insights on the causes of these issues and the failed transport plans. The presentation also highlights inappropriate solutions, low performance levels, and biased objectives in transport planning.

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Transport Planning in Motorcycle Dependent Cities: Current Issues and Future Perspectives

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  1. Presentation at Goethe Institut Hanoi Hanoi, 23rd June 2011 Transport Planning in Motorcycle Dependent Cities: Current Issues and Future Perspectives Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung Director, Centre for International Research and Education Chairman, Section of Transport Planning and Management University of Transport and Communications

  2. Contents • A motorcycle dependent city • What are transport problems and their causes in MDCs • What are transport planning issues in MDCs • What are future perspectives for transport planning in MDCs Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  3. Motorcycle Dependent City an urban area, where the motorcycle is the main transport mode and the urbanization process is influenced by use of motorcycle Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  4. Motorcycle Dependent Transport (Source: Khuat Viet Hung, 2006) Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  5. Motorcycle Dependence Level Source: Khuat Viet Hung (2006) Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  6. Motorcycle Ownership and GRP in the selected Cities Note: HAN: Hanoi, 2003; HOC: Hochiminh City, 2002; TAI: Taipei, 2003; BKK: Bangkok, 2002; DEL: New Delhi, 2003, JK: Jakarta, 2001; SIN: Singapore, 2003, HKg: Hong Kong, 2003; BER: Berlin, 2003; CHI: Chicago, 2000, LON: London, 2003; TOK: Tokyo 2003 Source: Khuat Viet Hung (2006) Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  7. Motorcycle Dependent Urban Structure Causes:Urban Development Issues (Cont.) > 50% of population are living in two-wheeleraccessedonly blocks Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  8. Urban Transport Problems • Accidents • High rate offatalities • Occurred mainly on the urban arterials and sub-urban highways • Severe accidents occurred frequently during night time and off-peak period • Congestion • Extremely high volume • Reasonable travel time and speed • Pollutions • Noise:is the most serious environmental problem of motorcyle use • Airpollution:two-stroke engine motorcycles Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  9. Causes of the Problems • Internal Causes: Transport Issues • Demand: high intensity and imbalanced distribution • Vehicles: mixedvehicle technologies on the traffic flow • Behaviours:immatureresponses to motorisation of transport • Road Network: imbalanced distribution, lack of hierachy, non-standard alleys • Parking:lack of area and facilities, No consideration for MC • Public transport:low availability and quality • Traffic Management:confusing and loweffectiveness • Urban and Transport Plans: failed by • Ambitious goals and objectives • Foreigner dependent planning • Lack of resources (technical, financial, human) • Complicated structure and low competency institutions Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  10. Causes of the Problems • External Causes: Urban development Issues • Political and socio-economic conditions • Frequently changing laws and regulations, and institutional structure • Quickly increasing income • Social conflicts between different income groups and cultural trends. • Demographic conditions • Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation • High density population • Urban form and Land use conditions • Mono-centric urban form • Mixed land use in the city centre • Sprawled and uncontrolled development in the newly urbanised areas • Two-wheeler accessed only block Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  11. Transport Planning Issues & Problems Failed Transport Plans & Policies Inappropriate solutions Low Performance Ambitious & Biased Objectives Minority Influence Foreigner Dependence Legal Issues Social Issues Technical Issues Resource Issues Institutional Issues Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  12. Failed Transport Plans and Policies Failure of Hanoi Urban Transport Development Plan (Source: Decision No. 108/1998/QD-TTg, 20.06.1998, TEDI (2007)) Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  13. Inappropriate solutions • Low density urban development concept • Extreme car-based or rail-based transport development concept • Absence of travel demand management solution • Absence of urban freight transport solution • Absence of solution for motorcycle dependence • Absence of solution for parking • Absence of safety and environmental objectives Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  14. Low performance level • Institutional Performance • Slow and irrational decisions • Ineffective institutional and official performance control evaluation system • Low competency’s project management institutions • Operational performance • Delay and mounting costs of projects • Hanging over projects • Ineffective quality control of projects • Low effective enforcemen Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  15. Ambitious and Biased Objectives New Hanoi Urban Transport Development Plan (Source: Decision No. 90/2008/QD-TTg, 09.07.2008), TEDI (2007) Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  16. Minority influenced decision making (1) Centralized Decision Making Structure VCP Central Committee National Assembly National Government MPI MOC MOT Other Ministries City/Prov. Committee City/Prov. People Council City/Prov. People Committee District Committee DPI DOC DOT Other Dept. Comprehensive Leading power Internal Party Leading power Administrative Leading power Commune Committee Constitutional Leading power Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  17. Minority influenced decision making Political and Business Interest Centralized Decision Making Process Corruption Familism Localism Politics Minority influenced decisions Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  18. Foreigner Dependence: Vietnamese Cities • Before 1975 • Colonial urban planning and implementation • Public transport and non-motorized transport are main transport modes • American private motorization concept in the South (Early stage) • 1975-1990 • Stalinist centralized development planning philosophy • Russian functional plan Vs local mixed & compact practice • Russian bus-based public transport development concept • After 1990 • Functional new town Vs mixed and compact center • Western Car-based and Rail-based transport plan Vs Motorcycle and bus-based practice Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  19. Social and Legal Issues • Social Issues • Large and increasing income gap • Large and increasing opportunity and welfare gap • Restoration and strengthening Extreme Familirism and Superstitions • Legal issues • Lack of laws and regulations in transport planning, implementation and operation • Unclear and overlapping laws and regulations • Solely segmented urban development planning structure (SEDP, UCMP, ULP, UTMP, UIP, UTP, UWSP, UWWTP, …) • Top-down and Centralization in decision making process • Unclear responsibility definition of institutions & positions Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  20. Technical, Resource and Institutional Issues • Technical Issues • Architecture and Static Planning Concept in Transport • Incomplete transport planning hierarchy • Lack of technical guidelines, standards, and tools • Lack of qualified data • Resource Issues • Lack of financial resource • Lack of qualified human resource • Institutional issues • Confusions between political and administrative functions • Unclear functional and responsibility definitions • Lack of cooperation and coordination Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  21. Urban Transport Related Planning System Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  22. Future perspectives • A scientific and performance-based planning process • An Urban Transport Development Concept • Dual Approach: Integrated Urban and Transport Development Master Plan and Functional Transport Planning Hierarchy • Management-based Urban Transport Strategies • Institutional and Human Resource Development Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  23. A scientific performance-based planning process Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011 (Adapted from FGSV, 2001)

  24. Urban Transport Development Concept Adapted from Khuat Viet Hung (2006) A logic connection between goals and means A comprehensive and inter-sector concept Clear Responsibility and Functional Definition An effective tool in urban transport planning and management Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  25. Dual-Approach Planning System (1) Socio-Economic Development Plan Socio-economic Objectives Socio-economic Solutions Spatial Growth Objectives Urban Mobility Objectives City Development Master Plan Urban Construction Master Plan Urban Transport Master Plan Urban Fixed Facilities Urban Transport Solutions Land Utilization Objectives Urban Land Allocation Urban Land Use Plan Integrated Urban Master Plan Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  26. Dual-Approach Planning System (2) Infrastructure Intermodal transport Plan Transport Service Administrative Level Traffic Management Modal Transport Plan Engineering level Transport Unit Plan Time horizon Level of detail Transport Planning Hierarchy Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  27. Management-based Transport Development Strategies Conflict Solving Measures Transport system performance Land use acitivities Traffic Management Infrastructure Transport Service Manifested Problems Strategy Transport Situation [Source: Adapted from Khuat (2006)] Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  28. Institutional and Human Capacity Development • Develop a long-term capacity development framework • Speed-up the governance reform process • Strengthen capacity of decision making bodies • Strengthen capacity of planning institutions • Strengthen capacity of the DOT, DOC • Strengthen enforcement and compliance • Develop capacity of and PMUs and contractors Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  29. Recommendations • General recommendations • Decentralize the decision making process • Mainstream the scientific and performance-based planning concept • Apply the Urban Transport Development Concept in planning practice • Apply the dual planning approach: integrated plan and functional hierachy • Apply the Management-Based Transport Strtegies in planning practice • Strengthen capacity of institutions and human resources • Further researches • Transport Planning Quality Management System • Decentralization of Decision Making in Transport Sector • Management-Based Transport Strategy Development Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  30. Vietnam Sustainable Transport Development Forum 2012 • Objective • To exchanges state-of-art knowledge and experiences in sustainable transport development policies at national, regional and city level • Areas • National transport development strategies and policies • High-speed train development • Urban transit system development • Transport Demand Management • Time • August 2012 • Venue • Hanoi, Vietnam • Organizer • University of Transport and Communications, Vietnam • Vietnam Sustainable Transport Development Forum Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

  31. Thank you very much for your attention! Dr.-Ing. Khuat Viet Hung, Hanoi- 23.06.2011

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