Energy resources

1. Energy resources

2. Do Now • How do we use energy? • Where do we get the energy? • How does our use of energy impact the environment?

3. For thousands of years, people have used natural resources for energy. For example, the earliest known use of fire dates back to 460,000 BC in China. What other sources of energy do people use? animal power, solar, oil, hydropower, nuclear, wood/peat

4. What is a Natural Resource • Any natural material that is used by humans • Resources can be renewable or nonrenewable

5. Renewable: Renewable: resource that can be replenished Examples: Solar Tidal Hydropower Wind

6. Nonrenewable: Nonrenewable: resource that can not be replenished and will decrease due to high consumption rates Examples: Oil Coal Natural Gas

7. Oil spill video clips • http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6454277n&tag=related;photovideo http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6454277n&tag=related;photovideo

8. Calls people to action to stop global warming • Link between climate change and fossil fuels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3pujlkSTqo

9. Renewable resource - can be replaced relatively quickly by natural processes (water, air,soil, crops, trees) • Nonrenewable resource - resource that forms much slower than the rate at which it is consumed (minerals and fossil fuels) • If the supply of nonrenewable resource is used up, will take millions of years to replenish

10. Energy resources can be classified as renewable or nonrenewable. • What are some renewable energy sources? (those that won’t be depleted due to our use) • solar, tidal, water, wind

11. What are some nonrenewable energy sources? (those that will be depleted due to our use at our current rate) • oil, coal, natural gas • These are called - FOSSIL FUELS

12. FOSSIL FUEL - remains of ancient organisms that changed into coal, oil and natural gas • these are highly combustible • they changed over millions of years by compression and heat

13. 2 main problems with fossil fuels • 1. supply is limited • 2. obtaining and using them causes environmental problems • We must explore alternatives to fossil fuels, but we also must find more efficient ways to use them

14. Fuels used for 5 main purposes: • 1. cooking • 2. transportation • 3. manufacturing • 4. heating and cooling buildings • 5. generating electricity to run machines and appliances

15. The sustainability of a fuel for each applicationdepends on: • fuel’s energy content • cost • availability • safety • byproducts of the fuel’s use

16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV2W36fPWng • How do hybrid cars work? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zU8slFNVuMU • Southpark song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woOtOuWnB1E&feature=PlayList&p=B63667D9B0195DA7&playnext_from=PL&index=2 • How hydrogen cars work

17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XewIWTwkVhE&feature=channel • Pros and cons of hybrid cars • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27m5hgmnRYU&feature=channel • How to get better gas mileage

18. What is a fossil fuel? • Fuels formed from the remains of organisms from past decades. (generally through compression and heat inside the earth)

19. COAL: • A fossil fuel made of organic matter (mostly from plants) that was put under high pressure to form dense, solid carbon material.

20. Coal • There is enough coal remaining globally to supply current needs for another century or so. • Coal is considered the most polluting of the fossil fuels • In terms of how it is produced (process of mining) • Emissions when burned (a lot of GHGs)

22. Coal is removed from the ground through the process of mining • In order for a company to mine materials from the ground, they must locate an ore: Coal material that is high enough in quantity and quality to be profitable to mine

23. 4 different types of coal that vary in quality Increasing Quality Highest Quality Least Quality

24. Types of Coal • Lignite • least compressed • has the most impurities • the least energy • releases the most carbon dioxide emissions when burned • Anthracite • is the most compressed • fewer impurities • most energy • releases fewer carbon dioxide emissions when burned

25. Strip Mining: • Heavy machinery moves large amounts of earth to expose coal. • After the coal is removed, the pits are refilled with earth that has been removed (called spoils).

26. Strip Mining: • causes a lot of erosion problems and creates unstable ground around the spoils. • Also called surface mining

27. Sub-Surface Mining • Tunnels/shafts dug deep into ground, coal is removed and brought to the surface. • This is the most dangerous form of mining for workers.

28. Sub-Surface Mining • Empty shafts are often filled in with spoils and/or slurry (mix of coal and water) • This type of mining creates unstable earth and groundwater contamination

29. How a Coal-fired Power Plant Works

30. How a Coal-fired Power Plant works http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeXG8K5_UvU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_CcrgKLyzc&NR=1

31. http://science.discovery.com/videos/how-do-they-do-it-coal-mining.htmlhttp://science.discovery.com/videos/how-do-they-do-it-coal-mining.html • Coal miners

32. Oil: black gold, texas tea… • (aka petroleum or crude oil) Oil is a mixture of hundreds of different carbon-based chemicals • Oil is formed under high temperature and pressure about 1.5-3 km below the surface. • 2nd most polluting of fossil fuels

33. Oil is not made from dinosaurs • Almost all oil comes from pressure-cooking dead zooplankton and algae (pond scum) • among the oldest and most abundant life forms on earth

34. That pond scum ultimately produced trillions upon trillions of gallons of oil. • But most of it bubbled up to the surface long ago and was consumed by greedy bacteria. • Oil companies seek the small fraction that remains, spending more than $150 billion a year hunting for new reserves

35. Where is oil found? • Oil is found in and around major geologic features, like folds, faults, salt domes that tend to trap oil as it moves towards the Earth’s crust • Most supplies in Mid East • Also in US, Venezuela, Siberia, Nigeria, North Sea

36. Oil: Fun Facts • The recipe for gasoline itself is complex. Depending on the blend, it can contain between 150 and 1,000 different chemical compounds • In the United States, when people first noticed oil, they didn’t quite grasp the energy angle. Instead they did what any industrious American would do: They bottled it, slapped a label on, and sold it as a health tonic. • Since they moved on from the health drink angle, Americans have laid down 161,000 miles of fuel pipeline in the United States. That’s more than half the distance to the moon.

37. How to save gas money… • Keep your windows closed at high speeds—drag from open windows can reduce a car’s fuel efficiency by 10 percent. • Cleaning 100 pounds of junk from your car will get you up to 2 percent more miles per gallon. • A leaking or missing cap can release 30 gallons of fuel per year into the atmosphere. • The truck you’re trying to pass may be carrying 4,000 gallons of gas, which, if in a crash, can explode with the energy of 200 tons of TNT.

38. Oil drilling video • http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/oil-drilling.htm

39. DO NOW 1.Oil is formed from which of these processes? • a. the decay of tiny marine organisms that accumulated millions of years ago. • b. burning of high-sulfur low-grade uranium • c. decay of organisms that recently lived in swamps • Currently, the ________ is the major consumer of oil, but __________ produces more than any other country. 3. _____, the worst polluting fossil fuel is found mostly in which country?

40. Exploratory drilling: Small and deep holes are drilled to determine the size/area of an oil deposit.

41. Extraction: • When oil is drilled and pumped from a deposit for profit. • At first the oil may come to the surface due to natural pressure from the earth. To get the rest of the oil, you need to spend energy to bring the oil to the surface.

43. Hubbert’s Peak: • It is widely accepted by scientists that production of a finite resource, such as oil, starts at zero and rises until it peaks and then declines until the resource is completely depleted.

44. Hubbert’s Peak: • Hubbert’s peak is an estimation of when the world will reach peak oil production. • This means that when we reach the Hubbert Peak, we will have used half of all the recoverable oil that ever existed on our planet.

45. Hubbert’s Peak: • In 1956, Shell Oil scientist, Dr. Hubbert, predicted that US oil production would peak in 1970…He was right! • He also predicted world oil production would peak in 1995… He was close but not as accurate.

46. US PEAK OIL

47. GLOBAL PEAK OIL

48. Do Now • 1. Which is the least polluting fossil fuel? • 2. What are the 2 types of natural gas? (think about the 2 ways it can be formed) • 3. What does anaerobic mean? Aerobic?

49. Natural Gas: • Made of primarily of methane (CH4) and other volatile hydrocarbons • Fastest growing source of fossil fuel used today. • Consists of ¼ global commercial energy consumption. Estimated 60 year supply remains globally. • Least polluting fossil fuel

50. Natural Gas • Colorless, shapeless, odorless in its pure form • But…. Highly combustible and when burned gives off lots of energy • Emits lower level of pollutants • Mostly methane, but also consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon gases • Typical composition of natural gas