1 / 16

IAEA Small Quantities Protocol (SQP)

IAEA Small Quantities Protocol (SQP). Safeguards Policy Course – Monterey Institute of International Studies. June 2012. Bill Moore. What is the Small Quantities Protocol?.

lauren
Télécharger la présentation

IAEA Small Quantities Protocol (SQP)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. IAEA Small Quantities Protocol (SQP) Safeguards Policy Course – Monterey Institute of International Studies • June 2012 Bill Moore

  2. What is the Small Quantities Protocol? • The Small Quantities Protocol (SQP) allows a NNWS that declares a lack of significant nuclear activity to hold in abeyance the implementation of most safeguards measures provided for in Part II of INFCIRC/153 • A state is eligible for the SQP if it holds less than the amount of nuclear material that could be exempted from safeguards under Article 37 of INFCIRC/153 and no nuclear facilities • The SQP is an addendum to a states Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA)

  3. Motivations for development of the SQP (1971 - 1974) • The purpose of IAEA safeguards was verification of declared nuclear material in declared facilities • Many NNWS that ratified the NPT had no nuclear material and no nuclear activities • Limited budget and manpower within the IAEA required the development of a system to prioritize needs and reduce redundancy • Incentivize more States to join NPT by making the conclusion of a CSA less burdensome

  4. History of the SQP • 1968 - Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) negotiated and ratified • Article III requires NNWS to enter into a safeguards agreement with the IAEA • 1971 - Model Safeguards Agreement approved by IAEA Board of Governors (INFCIRC/153) • The basis for negotiating Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements (CSA) between IAEA and NNWS

  5. History of the SQP (cont.) • 1974 – “The Standard Text of Safeguards Agreements in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons” (GOV/INF/276) was agreed upon by the BOG • A listing of changes that could be made to standard INFCIRC/153 text. • The major substantive change was for NNWS that declare no “significant nuclear activities”; they could adopt the Small Quantities Protocol (GOV/INF/276 Annex B)

  6. History of the SQP (cont.) • 1991 – Discovery of Iraq’s clandestine nuclear weapons program drives IAEA towards adopting a strengthened safeguards regime • 1997 – IAEA adopts the Model Additional Protocol (AP) INFCIRC/540 • 2005 IAEA adopts Modified Small Quantities Protocol (GOV/INF/276/Mod.1)

  7. What are the safeguards obligations for an SQP State? • Report nuclear material import / export • Provide design information for any existing nuclear facility • Provide notification to IAEA 6 months in advance of introducing nuclear material into a new facility • All provisions of Part II of CSA held in abeyance except articles 32, 33, 38, 41 and 90

  8. What are the shortcomings to the SQP? • The initial declaration that a State might provide establishing its eligibility for an SQP may now be 25 years old • IAEA has no ability to verify that this initial declaration, if it exists, was or is still is true. • IAEA has no right to conduct inspections in SQP States * • IAEA has no easy mechanism to request further information

  9. The Modified Small Quantities Protocol • GOV/INF/276/Mod.1 • Approved by BOG September, 2005 • Purpose is to address the identified gaps in the original text • BOG agrees to only approve modified SQP going forward

  10. The Modified Small Quantities Protocol, what’s different? • Provide an initial nuclear materials declaration • Annual reports required • Report nuclear material import / export • Including pre-34c material • Provide design information for any existing nuclear facility • Provide notification to IAEA as soon as a decision is made to build a nuclear facility • As a result of a notification to the IAEA of a decision to build a nuclear facility, Modified SQP immediately ceases to apply • Holds in abeyance provisions of Part II of the CSA, with the exception of Articles 32-38, 40, 48, 49, 59, 61, 67, 68, 70, 72-76, 82, 84-90, 94 and 95

  11. A Reminder! • The increased authority of the IAEA to conduct safeguards inspections in Modified SQP States STILL relies on the initial declaration. If the facility and/or material is not declared in the initial declaration, the IAEA has no authority to conduct inspections • EXCEPTION: IAEA holds the ability to conduct a special inspection (INFCIRC/153 Part 1, Article 18)

  12. SQP States (As of 2012) • Barbados • Belize • Bhutan • Bolivia • Brunei Darussalam • Cambodia • Cameroon • Dominica • Ethiopia • Grenada • Guyana • Lao P.D.R • Maldives • Myanmar • Nauru • Nepal • Oman • Papa New Guinea • St. Kitts & Nevis • Saint Lucia • St. V. & The Grandines • Samoa • Saudi Arabia • Sierra Leone • Solomon Islands • Sudan • Suriname • Tonga • Trinidad & Tobago • Tuvulu • Yemen

  13. Modified SQP States (As of 2012) • Antigua and Barbados • Azerbaijan • The Bahamas • Bahrain • Benin • Burkina Fasso • Burundi • Cape Verde • Central African Republic • Chad • Comoros • Congo • Costa Rica • Croatia • Djibouti • Dominican Republic • Ecuador • El Salvador • Gambia • Guatemala • Guinea • Holy See • Honduras • Iceland • Kenya • Lebanon • Lesotho • Madagascar • Malawi • Mali • Mauritius • Monaco • Montenegro • Mozambique • Nicaragua • Palau • Panama • Qatar • Republic of Moldova • Rwanda • San Marino • Senegal • Seychelles • Singapore • Swaziland • Tajikistan • The F.Y.R. of Macedonia • Timor-Leste • Togo • Uganda • United Rep. of Tanzania • Vanuatu • Zimbabwe

  14. Modified SQP States with an Additional Protocol (As of 2012) • Antigua and Barbados • Azerbaijan • The Bahamas • Bahrain • Benin • Burkina Fasso • Burundi • Cape Verde • Central African Republic • Chad • Comoros • Congo • Costa Rica • Croatia • Djibouti • Dominican Republic • Ecuador • El Salvador • Gambia • Guatemala • Guinea • Holy See • Honduras • Iceland • Kenya • Lebanon • Lesotho • Madagascar • Malawi • Mali • Mauritius • Monaco • Montenegro • Mozambique • Nicaragua • Palau • Panama • Qatar • Republic of Moldova • Rwanda • San Marino • Senegal • Seychelles • Singapore • Swaziland • Tajikistan • The F.Y.R. of Macedonia • Timor-Leste • Togo • Uganda • United Rep. of Tanzania • Vanuatu • Zimbabwe

  15. IAEA Outreach to SQP States • Since the adoption by the BOG in 2005 of the Modified SQP, the IAEA has exchanged letters with SQP States and held workshops to encourage engagement • As of 2012, 53 of 84 SQP NNWS have adopted the modified text

  16. QUESTIONS??

More Related