1 / 18

Superlatives

This guide explores the three methods for forming superlatives in Latin adjectives. It covers the common approach using -issim, the special method for adjectives ending in -er, and the unique formation for six specific words. Clear examples and translations are provided to illustrate each method, alongside explanations for agreeing endings based on gender, number, and case. Additionally, discover how to translate superlative forms effectively while maintaining accuracy and clarity in your Latin studies.

lauren
Télécharger la présentation

Superlatives

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Superlatives

  2. There are three ways to form the superlative • Most adjectives use the following superlative form: • 1. find the base inimicus, inimica, inimicum inimic--- (drop the –a or -is to get the base) • 2. add -issim- to the base of the adjective inimicissim--- • 3. add 1-2nd declension endings to the –issim- inimicissimospueros • 4. when you add the endings they must agree with the noun in gender, number and case

  3. another example She is a very irritating girl Estpuellamolestissima molestus, molesta, molestum drop the a molest--- add the issim--- Make the ending agree with puella molestissima

  4. Do the endings always match? I was fighting with a very strong soldier. Cum fortissimo militepugnabam fortis, forte get the base by dropping the –is fort --- add -issim- fortissim- make the ending agree with milite fortisssimo

  5. Important Points • What declension endings are used for ALL superlative forms? 1st and 2nd • What determines the case, number and gender of the ending for the adjective ? The noun it modifies. • Do superlative forms always match the noun they modify? • NO

  6. TRANSLATIONS • There are three ways to translate a superlative • most… • very… • ----est

  7. Try these • a very friendly dog (acc. singular) canis, canis; amicus, amica, amicum • a most irritating woman (dat. sing.) molestus, molesta, molestum; femina, feminae • the happiest days (acc. pl.) laetus, laeta, laetum; dies, diei (this noun is masc.)

  8. ANSWERS • canemamicissimum • feminaemolestissimae • laetissimos dies

  9. QUAM used with a superlative form • When you put quam next to the superlative adjective it indicates the highest degree possible. • Translate the adjective using the phrase as------as possible • When you do this you no longer use most, very or ---est

  10. EXAMPLES • quam laetissima sum I am as happy as possible

  11. The second way to form superlatives • Only adjectives that end in –er in the masculine, singular follow these steps. Words like acer, acris; miser, misera, miserum • Take the word that ends in –er acer • Do NOT drop anything acer • Add –rim- acerrim-- • Use 1st-2nddecl endings accerrimosmilites

  12. Translations are the same • acerrimosmilites = very fierce soldiers • pulcherrimamurbem = the most beautiful city • miserrimusservus = very miserable slave

  13. BE CAREFUL • Notice that for these adjectives you do NOT get the base of the adjective • You always use the word that ends in -er

  14. Put the following into the superlative • The most miserable soldiers – nom. pl. • A very beautiful woman - acc. sing. • The swiftest horse - dat. sing.

  15. ANSWERS • militesmiserrimos • feminampulcherrimam • equocelerrimo

  16. Six words that have their own superlative • There are six words that form the superlative in their own way. • The six words are: • difficilis • facilis • dissimilis • similis • humilis • gracilis

  17. These six words use the following: • Find the base • Add –lim- • Use 1st-2nddecl endings • A most difficult day – accusative singular • difficillimum diem • difficil - the base • difficillim – the base + lim— • difficillimum – the base + lim + ending which agrees with diem

  18. Three Ways to form Superlative Most Adjectives • Find the base • Add issim— • Add 1st – 2nddecl endings Adjectives ending in –er • Use the word ending in –er • Add -rim— • Add 1st-2nddecl endings Six Special Words • Find base • Add –lim- • Add 1st – 2nddecl endings

More Related