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Essential Question

Essential Question. What were the circumstances that led the U.S. Government to actively remove Natives living east of the Mississippi River?. Origins of Native American Removal. Ch 12 Sec 2 – Part I. The NA “ Problem”.

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Essential Question

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  1. Essential Question What were the circumstances that led the U.S. Government to actively remove Natives living east of the Mississippi River?

  2. Origins of Native American Removal Ch 12 Sec 2 – Part I

  3. The NA “Problem” • By the early 1800’s, many Native tribes were still living east of the Miss. River • These tribes were seen by many whites as obstacles to progress • Debate began to rage about what many called “The Native American Problem”

  4. Solutions • There were several ideas proposed on how to deal with the “problem” • 1. Assimilate, or absorb, Natives into white culture • 2. Natives should move willingly • If not, they should be forced to move

  5. The 5 “Civilized” Tribes • By the 1820’s about 100,000 Natives remained in the SE • The 5 “Civilized” Tribes made up the bulk of the population: • Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, & Seminole • They were called civilized b/c they had adopted many white customs

  6. The Cherokee • More than any other tribe, the Cherokee had assimilated • Cherokee people often mirrored whites in: • 1. Dress • 2. Farming • Many owned large farms &/or ranches • 3. Written Language • They printed their own newspaper called the Cherokee Phoenix • 4. Government • The Cherokee Nation was founded on a self-written constitution

  7. Sequoya • Cherokee leader, Sequoya, was largely responsible for much of this “progression” • His motivation, though, was to stay independent of whites • He thought by accepting and practicing elements of white culture, whites would see the Cherokee as less of a threat

  8. Summary/Quiz Questions • Which of the following distinguished the Cherokee from other tribes? • Sequoya developed a written language • Cherokees tended to dress more like whites • The Cherokee had their own Constitution • All of the Above

  9. AJ’s View of the Natives • AJ had long supported moving Natives West • He first dealt w/ this issue after the War of 1812 • AJ was assigned as a NA treaty coordinator • He viewed Natives as a conquered race • As such, Natives should assimilate or move • They could not, however, be allowed to have their own govt. • These views later influenced AJ to support the Indian Removal Act

  10. Gold “Discovered” in GA • Complicating this situation was the discovery of gold in Georgia • This gold was found on Cherokee land • Georgia quickly passed laws giving whites the right to take over this land • When the Cherokee protested, AJ supported the states

  11. The Indian Removal Act • Jackson eventually asked Congress to act • He wanted a law passed that would force NA’s to: • 1. Submit to state laws, or • 2. Move West voluntarily • Regardless, in 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act • The act called for the govt to negotiate a series of treaties that would require Natives to move west of the Miss. River

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