“Young Europeans on the edge of Europe

1. “Young Europeans on the edge of Europe Second transnational meeting in Shetland Islands 20-28th March 2015

2. Istituto Magistrale Statale “Carlo Baudi di Vesme” Iglesias Sardinia (Italy)

3. Old Economy in Sardinia Mining and Sheep-farming

4. Mining Production Sardinia – First half of 900

5. Sardinia and the mining system in the 19th century In the 19th century there was a big development in the Sardinian mining system which attracted a big number of engineers and workers coming from abroad.

6. Before 1935 about 49.000 metric tons After 1935 1 345 920 metric tons Coal Production

7. First War and Fascism At the beginnig of the First World War, the mining basin of Iglesias entered a serious crisis. Many English, French and Russian companies stopped their activity dissmissing many people. Since the‘30s the mining companies started losing provisions of raw materials, except for coal, essential for the Italian industry.

8. Sheep-farming in Sardinia. Sheep-farming has for centuries rapresented the main source of survival for a large part of Sardinians.

9. Breeding in Sardinia involves sheep, goats, bovines and pigs. Once characterized by a fulltime dedication of the shepherd to the animals, it is nowadays carried on in a modern and technological way.

10. Pecorino cheese Pecorino cheese (or simply Pecorino) is the name of the most famous Sardinian cheese made of sheepmilk. It has been awarded in 1996 the European DOP certification

11. According to statistics three million sheep are today bred in Sardinia.

12. Tourism • In 1971 an economic miracle in Sardinia happened. The tourist sector grew and the island became one of the most popular destinations in Italy and Europe.

13. Population Immigration ed emigration

14. Yesterday 20456 inhabitants Today 27400 inhabitants The population of Iglesias in numbers

15. Immigration

16. The 900s The beginning of the XX century witnessed a great social unrest due to difficult working conditions. Women and children were also employed in mines as you can see in this picture. Here are women splitting minerals from unuseful stones.

17. The foreign communities settled especially in the territory around Iglesias. 9.800 citizens out of 30.000 were miners, half of whom foreigners. It was during this period that Sardinia experienced a great transformation which saw Iglesias as the main protagonist.

18. Many of them came from Austria and Germany and they brought a great economic, social and cultural renewal. Others came from the North of Italy.

19. But we also had an internal migration It all happened a century ago when “transumanza”, a seasonal migration of flocks, herds and shepherds was a common practice. So, they moved from the mountains of the centre of Sardinia to the plain.

20. It wasn't only the beginning of a big migration that later included entire families.

21. Nowdays the population of Iglesias includes 15% of people originally from Desulo, a small village of shepherds in the centre of Sardinia.

22. Emigration

23. Former Emigration After the second post war • Since 1945 a lot of people migrated from Sardinia. • Immigrants are not equally widespread in the island. 75% live in only three of the four provinces. Lately the economic crisis has made it more difficult for immigrants to find jobs.

24. Since the 1950s, a great population decline has been recorded due to a massive emigration. This migrant flow has been going on until nowadays and it is constantly increasing. The main reasons of Sardinian emigration have been the mining crisis which occured half a century ago, and today’s economic depression and increasing unemployement.

25. Currently, over 500 thousand Sardinians live abroad, with a notable brain drain. The main destinations are the most prosperous European countries: • Germany (27’000) • France (23’000) • Belgium (12’000) • Switzerland (7’000) • Netherlands (6’000) Among the world countries, Argentina and Venezuela are the most popular destinations.

26. The New Economy

27. In addition to the traditional tourist and food industry, our land is witnessing a growing interest in green and blue economy…..

28. Wind Turbines in Portoscuso • Portoscuso 23,3 km away from Iglesias, hosts 39 wind turbines which produce 2.3 Mw each. It is the biggest “Enel Green Power” energy power plant in Italy. • With a total of 90 MW capacity installed, it is going to produce 185 millions kilowatt per hour a year.

29. EDILANA 100% pure sheep wool native of Sardinia • Sheep wool, generally a discard product, has acquired a new purpose: lagging. Its aim is to isolate from heat and sound. • This also has a few possibilities to burn and it doesn’t catch mould, dust and bacteria. • It helps the environment because it absorbs and neutralizes polluting gas, smog and a lot of damaging substances. Thanks to this property it can help reduce the energy waste.

30. This company founded in 2008 by Daniela Ducato has already won two Italian prizes because of using rough materials for useful purposes and for promoting green economy. On March 9th 2015 Daniela Ducato was awarded the title of “Cavaliere del lavoro”by the President of Italy. It is the highest Italian acknowledgmentin working world. She had already received the prestigious EUWIIN*International Awards 2013 in Stockholm for being the best European woman in the field of eco-friendly construction. *European Women Inventors & Innovators Network (EUWIIN) Edilana group