Middle Ages in Europe

1. Middle Ages in Europe The main Idea: The Middle Ages was a time of great change in Western Europe between the fall of the Roman Empire and the start of the modern world when Europeans discovered the world beyond Europe.

2. Warm Up-March 28 • Write your answer to the following question in complete sentences in the WARM UP section of your Inbook. • When you hear the phrases, “Middle Ages,” “Medieval,” or “Dark Ages” in Europe, of what does it make you think?

3. Copy these vocabulary terms onto p. 91 of your Inbook • Excommunication-to formally deprive a person of membership in a church • Serf-peasants in Medieval Europe who were tied to the land • Feudalism-the economic and political system that developed in Europe during the Middle Ages • Convent-a community of nuns • Manor-a large estate, including farmland and villages, held by a lord • Guild-an organization of people who work in the same craft or trade • Crusade-a series of religious wars launched against Muslims by European Christians • monastery –a community of monks

4. Remember: The Roman Empire split A. East becomes Byzantine Empire and follow Orthodox Christian Church B. West collapses into feudal kingdoms following the Roman Catholic Church

5. Europe during the Middle Ages

6. I. Western Europe in collapse A. Western Empire collapses in the 5thcentury 1. People fled to the countryside 2. No central government 3. Travel unsafe 4. Tradeless common

7. I. Western Europe in collapse B. Middle Ages Begin 1. The time between the fall of Rome and discovery of the New World 2 . Government, law and trade break down 3. People turn to military leaders and Catholic church

8. II. Charlemagne and the Catholic Church A. Charlemagne (Charles the Great), a Germanic king 1. Reunitesmuch of western Europe 2. Increases the size of his Kingdom 3. Developed a new style of warfare= Knights fighting on horseback

9. Charlemagne’s Empire

10. II. Charlemagne and the Catholic Church B. News of Charlemagne’s Accomplishments 1. Spread to Rome and to the Pope, the head of the Catholic Church 2. Pope Leo III sees benefit in joining forces with the king 3. 800- Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor a. Holy Roman empire = Church and state together b. USA = church and state separate 4. Catholicism spreads

11. III. Role of the Catholic Church A. Each community centered around a church 1. Religiousservices, care for poor or sick, festivals 2. Wealthy donated money for grand cathedrals = symbol of faith a. Notre Dame Cathedral took 200 years to build, Paris 3. Gothicarchitecture a. Pointed ceilings, tall towers, stained glass, cross shape b. Stainedglass windows tell stories to those who can’t read 4. Excommunication = ( no communication) Power of the Pope/Church a. No baptism, marriage or burial by the Catholic Church

12. Gothic Architecture

13. III. Role of the Catholic Church B. Monks 1. Christian men who devote time to prayer 2. Studiedand copied manuscripts keeping past knowledge alive 3. Live in secluded communities called monasteries

14. III. Role of the Catholic Church C. Nuns 1. Christian women who prayed 2. Sewed, taught, cared for poor, copied manuscripts 3. Lived in secluded communities called convents

15. III. Role of the Catholic Church D. Crusades = War of the Cross 1. Series of military expeditions a. Western European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th century b. Goal = to take back Holy Land from Muslims 2. Results a. Muslims were not driven from Holy Land b. Travel opened trade routes to SW Asia and North Africa c. Cultural diffusion, religion spreads

16. Crusades

17. IV. The Medieval Systems A. Feudalism- POLITICAL SYSTEM 1. A system of political ties where nobles give land to lesser nobles a. Order of nobles: kings, lords, knights 2. Noble grants a parcel of land called a fief to a lesser noble 3. Lesser noble vows to provide knights and arms to protectthe noble 4. The center of the fief was the manor a. Castle, farmland, village, and church 5. (Free)peasants rented and worked on the manor 6. Serfs- (unfree) peasants that were bound to the land a. Serfs didn’t own land , but worked it to get protection by the nobles

18. Feudalism

19. V. Medieval Ways of Life A. Monarchs ruled by divine right 1.Castles built for monarchs, and high ranking nobles a. Military technology, built for defense b. Stone walls, few windows, some surrounded by a moat c. Cold, damp, dark, smoky

20. Castles

21. V. Medieval Ways of Life B. Peasantslife, most people were peasants 1. Live in small dwellings outside of castle walls a. Straw roof and dirt floor b. Farm animals even inside home

22. The Manor

23. VI. Growth of Medieval Towns A. New farming methods 1. Increased food supply 2. Allows for fewer farmers so more people move into towns a. London and Paris B. Beginnings of a middle class 1. Workers in towns build businesses, didn’t live of the land

24. VI. Growth of Medieval Towns C. Guilds 1. Guilds are like modern day trade unions 2. Protected rights, set prices, set wages 3. New trades and business = rise of the middle class

25. VII. Changes in Medieval Society A. Government 1. William the Conqueror from France overthrows King of England a. Battle of Hastings - 1066 b. Recorded on the Bayeux Tapestry 2. King John claims unlimited power and that he was above the law 3. Nobles force King John to sign Magna Cartain 1215 a. Magna Carta states that the law is above the king was supreme i. Limitedthe king’s power ii. Provided for trial by jury iii. Influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution

26. Bayeux Tapestry and Magna Carta

27. VII. Changes in Medieval Society B. Black Death- 1347 1. Bubonic plague carried by fleas on rats through trade routes 2. Kills 1 out of every 3people in Western Europe 3. Rise of middle class

28. Spread of the Plague

29. What were the symptoms of the plague?