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Update on Ultrawideband (UWB)Technologies throughout the world

Update on Ultrawideband (UWB)Technologies throughout the world. Prof. Theodore S. Rappaport Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The College of Engineering The University of Texas at Austin email: wireless@mail.utexas.edu

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Update on Ultrawideband (UWB)Technologies throughout the world

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  1. Update on Ultrawideband (UWB)Technologies throughout the world Prof. Theodore S. Rappaport Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The College of Engineering The University of Texas at Austinemail: wireless@mail.utexas.edu www.wncg.org April 11, 2005

  2. UWB Technology Update Outline • Introduction to UWB and its historical and technical origins • UWB applications as viewed by Consumer Electronic (CE) and Computer companies • Challenges for Global Adoption – International Regulatory climate • Standards battle: UWB-DS vs. MBOA, and up-to-the-minute activities • New network management concepts based on knowledge of position and environment April 11, 2005

  3. Original FCC Definition of UWB • UWB signals .. [have] a fractional bandwidth (the ratio of baseband bandwidth to RF carrier frequency) of greater than 0.20, or a UWB bandwidth greater than 500 MHz. UWB bandwidth is defined as “the frequency band bounded by the points that are 10 dB below the highest radiated emission” • FCC, First Report and Order 02-48. February 2002. April 11, 2005

  4. FCC Spectrum Mask 2002 -41.25 dbm/MHz UWB Emission Limit for Outdoor Hand-held systems April 11, 2005

  5. FCC Indoor UWB Spectrum Mask April 11, 2005

  6. UWB uses “ultra wideband” signaling April 11, 2005

  7. The Idea for UWB April 11, 2005

  8. Early days of “modern” UWB • IEEE 802.15 Task Group (TG) 3a formed in late 2001 • FCC approves unlicensed spectrum use in 3.1 – 10.6 GHz on February 14, 2002 • Standards activities heat up within IEEE 802.15 • IEEE Standard Proposals for UWB put forth beginning March 2003 • Xtreme Spectrum (XSI) produces first working UWB chip • Intel and TI merge Multiband OFDM proposals on July 14, 2003 • Motorola acquires Xtreme Spectrum in Nov. 2003 and bolsters DS-SS UWB • FCC adopts Second R&O on UWB, effective March ‘05 • Source: The Evolution of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Radio for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), by Mandke, et.al., September 2003, High Frequency Electronics Magazine April 11, 2005

  9. IEEE 802.15 Standards Activities April 11, 2005

  10. UWB Technical Goals April 11, 2005

  11. Original IEEE 802.15.3a Timeline April 11, 2005

  12. Two approaches to UWB April 11, 2005

  13. UWB Technology Update Outline • Introduction to UWB and its historical and technical origins • UWB applications as viewed by Consumer Electronic (CE) and Computer companies • Challenges for Global Adoption – International Regulatory climate • Standards battle: UWB-DS vs. MBOA, and up-to-the-minute activities • New network management concepts based on knowledge of position and environment April 11, 2005

  14. Technology Landscape Dell: Competing technologies and standards drive design complexity and cost. Personal Connectivity 10 meters Wide Area Connectivity Beyond 100 meters Local Area Connectivity 100 meters Wireless Story Elements WPANs WWANs/WMANs WLANs • Cable Replacement • Local Data Sync • Device Connectivity • Ad-Hoc Connections • Mobile Ethernet • Office • Home • Hot Spots/Travel • Internet Access Anywhere • Alternative BB Technologies • Low-to-Medium Data Rates April 11, 2005

  15. UWB IEEE/MBOA UWB IEEE/MBOA Wireless Technology Landscape WiMax 802.16d 70 Mbps WiMax 802.16e 10 Mbps WMAN EDGE 384 Kbps WCDMA 3 Mbps - HSDPA 8Mbps GPRS 40-70 Kbps WWAN cdma2000 1xRTT 1xEV-DO 1.8 Mbps 1xEV-DV 3 Mbps 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz 802.11g 802.11b 802.11n (MIMO) WLAN Dual-Band 11 Mbps at 2.4GHz 802.11a 100 - 500 Mbps at 2.4/5 GHz 54 Mbps at 5GHz Bluetooth EDR B’tooth 2.0 Bluetooth 1.1 10 Mbps WPAN 721 Kbps 3 Mbps 480 Mbps 480 – 1 Gbps April 11, 2005 Past CY03 CY04 CY05 CY06 CY07

  16. Peripherals Digital Home Displays Human Interface Devices Mobile phones Dell’s UWB Usage Models April 11, 2005

  17. Dell Wireless Architecture Plan Competing Wireless Technologies drive platform cost, power size and design complexity. WLAN Antenna Structures WWAN Antenna Structure Additional Antennas for 802.11n/MIMO Internal Platform Slot options WPAN Module. UWB will drive new module and antenna design requirements. Standards based solutions and worldwide spectrum harmonization are key PC OEM requirements for wireless device integration. WWAN SIM April 11, 2005

  18. PC OEMs serve global markets – standards and spectrum harmonization drive lower cost • Global Spectrum Harmonization • Non-aligned Spectrum drives design complexity, cost and TTM • Regional Markets • Customer Support • Product transformation • Regulatory and Spectrum compliance • PC OEMs serve worldwide market segments • Design Leverage, and alignment of overlapping technologies • Device and spectrum co-existence • Reduced product development cycles April 11, 2005

  19. UWB Consumer Applications Freescale Semi. Home Entertainment Mobile Devices Computing Automotive April 11, 2005

  20. Entertainment Applications • Connect between sources and displays • Drivers are wire elimination for installand freedom of component placement • Requirements • Bandwidth • Each MPEG2 HD Stream 20-29 Mbps • Two full rate streams required for PIP • Handheld can be used for PIP viewingor channel surfing (SD stream) • Range • Media center to display or handheld • Anywhere in the room (<10m) • QoS with low latency • Channel change, typing, gamers • Available Now: both SD and HD April 11, 2005

  21. Applications Smartphone/PDA, MP3, DSC Media Player, Storage, display Requirements Mobile device storage sizes Flash 5, 32, 512, 2048 … MB HD 4, …, 60+ GB Range is near device (< 2m) User requires xfer time < 10s Content Transfer: Mobile Devices Low Power Use Cases Images from camera to storage/network MP3 titles to music player Low Power & High Data Rate Use Exchange your music & data MPEG4 movie(512 MB) to player Print from handheld Mount portable HD April 11, 2005

  22. Applications Digital video camcorder (DVC) Smartphone/PDS, Media player Requirements Range is in view of display (< 5m) DV Format 30 Mbps with QoS MPEG 2 at 12-20Mbps Power budget < 500 mW Content Streaming Use Cases Stream DV or MPEGDS-UWB is just a shift register Stream presentationfrom Smartphone/PDA to projector Channel surf and PIP to handheld April 11, 2005

  23. WG received information about technologies shown at the right WG held teleconference for each responder Clarifications Follow-up questions WG identified additional characteristic (power consumption) WG has prepared summary of the responses (“Table 3”) Technologies Surveyed 802.11b (WG effort) 802.11[abg] (Received two responses) 802.15.1 & .1a (Bluetooth) 802.15.3 (WG effort) Proposed 802.15.3a UWB/DS UWB/MB-OFDM 802.15.4 (Zigbee) 802.16 HiperLAN2 CEA WG7 R7: RFI Results April 11, 2005

  24. CEA WG7: Range & Coverage Area • Most important and understandable characteristics • In many technologies, range is linked to throughput • Application requirements vary: • Entire house A/V distribution • Cord replacement • Handset • Example Technologies • 802.11b measurements of 6.3Mbps @ 45m (point to point) • 802.15.1a (Bluetooth) standard requires 700kbps @ 10m; reported to be supported by anecdotal evidence • 802.15.3a UWB/DS reported 85Mbps @ 10m; 750Mbps @ 2m • 802.15.3a UWB/MB-OFDM reported 105 Mbps @ 11m; 460Mbps @ 3.5m April 11, 2005

  25. CEA WG7 Network Topology • WG Terms: Bridged peer-to-peer or peer-to multi-peer, Ad Hoc, Managed peer-to-peer, Mesh, Infrastructure mode (Star), Star with multiple APs, Star with repeater; “Cluster tree” added when 802.15.4 was discussed. • Example Technologies • 802.16 reported mesh (under development) and point-to-multipoint; 1600 (1024) nodes • 802.15.4 reported bridged peer-to-peer (peer-to-multi-peer), managed peer-to-peer, Ad hoc, Mesh, Cluster tree (modified star); 2^64 nodes • 802.15.3a UWB/DS and 802.15.3a UWB/MB-OFDM (as alternate physical layers) support same as 802.15.3: managed peer-to-peer; 236 nodes April 11, 2005

  26. UWB Technology Update Outline • Introduction to UWB and its historical and technical origins • UWB applications as viewed by Consumer Electronic (CE) and Computer companies • Challenges for Global Adoption – International Regulatory climate • Standards battle: UWB-DS vs. MBOA, and up-to-the-minute activities • New network management concepts based on knowledge of position and environment April 11, 2005

  27. European Organizations • CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations) • ECC (Electronic Communications Committee) • ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute) • ITU-R (International Telecommunication Union, Radiocommunication Sector) • Ofcom (Office of Communications, UK) April 11, 2005

  28. Europe’s standardization progress • ETSI proposed its own UWB spectral mask • Compared to FCC’s mask, ETSI mask imposes tighter limits at the edges (3 and 10 GHz, -65 dBm/MHz at 2.1 Ghz) [6] • Further discussion schedule in April 2005 at the 12th CEPT conference [7] April 11, 2005

  29. Ofcom’s Consultation • Published January 13, 2005 • Open to response until March 24, 2005 • This document deals only with the indoor use of UWB and indoor masks [6] • Ofcom predicts negative benefits if UK adopts the FCC mask due to interference with other services • Significant impact on UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) costs • Ofcom proposed revision to the ETSI mask, with even tighter edge limits (-85 dBm/MHz at 2.1 GHz for 3G) but same in-band specs as FCC’s indoor mask [6] April 11, 2005

  30. Ofcom’s economic analysis April 11, 2005 Source: [6]

  31. Ofcom’s proposed mask Source: [6] April 11, 2005

  32. Ofcom’s Conclusion • Favors allowing UWB deployment • Currently allowing licensed UWB devices such as “ground probing radar, ‘through the wall’ imaging” • Favors license-exempt approach for UWB communication devices • Favors ETSI’s mask or its own version , but never FCC’s indoor mask [6] April 11, 2005

  33. CEPT- ECC’s Consultation • Studies exclusively on the effects of UWB on existing services, not economic benefits • Studies only the FCC indoor mask since it would be the most common UWB type • Consultation is closed [15] April 11, 2005

  34. CEPT- ECC’s Consultation • Concluded that FCC’s indoor mask is not stringent enough • Most radio devices “require up 20-30 dB more stringent generic UWB PSD limits” [15] • Few are sufficiently protected while some radio astronomy bands require 50 to 80 dB tighter limits • Presented a graph of minimum limit required for sufficient protection [15] April 11, 2005

  35. ECC’s Spectral mask – all services April 11, 2005 Source: [15]

  36. UWB in Japan • MPHPT (Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, and Posts and Telecom • UWB frequencies 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz • Intel multi-band prototype of UWB physical layer received first experimental radio license from MPHPT • April 11, 2003, up to 252 Mbps • Wisair established an office to demo its UWB technology and obtained an experimental license. (July 2003) April 11, 2005

  37. UWB in Japan • Japan formed UWB Technology Institute within NICT to investigate OFDM and Impulse radio [16]: • Members include Yokohama Ntnl. University, Sanyo, Casio, Fujitsu, other companies and universities • Japan MPHPT’s UWB Radio Systems Subcommittee published interim report March 04 • Theoretical calculations conclude significant separation needed to avoid interference. Experimental studies and simulations are the next step [17] • Contributes to IEEE 802.15 and ITU-R • Inclined to adopt ITU-R’s regulation April 11, 2005

  38. DS-UWB presence in China • Freescale (DS-UWB) hosted the first UWB Wireless Tech. Forum on Sept. 24, 2004[11] • China UWB Forum, associated with the US UWB Forum, has members that include: • Flaircomm Technologies, Inc • Universal Scientific Industrial - Shanghai • Skyworth, Inc, Shenzhen [13] • Haier Corp. demonstrated DS-UWB-enabled digital camcorders, with rates up to 114 Mbps April 11, 2005

  39. UWB Technology Update Outline • Introduction to UWB and its historical and technical origins • UWB applications as viewed by Consumer Electronic (CE) and Computer companies • Challenges for Global Adoption – International Regulatory climate • Standards battle: UWB-DS vs. MBOA, and up to-the-minute activities • New network management concepts based on knowledge of position and environment April 11, 2005

  40. IEEE Standardization • Deadlocked for past 15 months • Formation of Special Interest Groups (SIG) • Standard for Wireless USB will be done outside IEEE • Similar to wired USB and Bluetooth • Two main proposals for UWB PHY standard are backed by: • Multi-Band OFDM Alliance (MBOA) • 528 MHz band channels; 128 tones at 4.125 MHz FH OFDM • UWB Forum supporting DS-UWB • 3.1 to 4.9 GHz low band; 6.2 to 9.7 GHz high, DS-SS BPSK • Optional 4BOK (Quadrature Biorthogonal keying) April 11, 2005

  41. OFDM-UWB (MBOA) Camp • 9 major semiconductor manufacturers • Intel, Infineon, NEC Electronics, Philips, Samsung, ST Microelectronics, Texas Instruments, Renesas, Toshiba • Major consumer-electronics manufacturers • Mitsubishi, Olympus, Panasonic, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, SONY, Toshiba, Hitachi • Industry alliances that have officially announced their support of MB-OFDM: • Wireless USB Working Group • WiMedia Alliance/MBOA • Wireless 1394 Trade Association April 11, 2005

  42. MBOA Alliance • Primary supporters are Intel, Texas Instruments; formed in June 2003 • Supports UWB specification based on OFDM approach • Last proposal updated in Sept 2004 • Established SIG and released full PHY spec ver 1.0 to members in Nov 2004 • Broad industry support – 175+ members • First chipset released by Wisair in Oct 2004 • Realtek, Alerion, Staccato also have silicon April 11, 2005

  43. WiMedia Alliance • Endorses MB-OFDM UWB specifications • Certification and interoperability program to define common platform for coexistence with Wireless USB and Wireless 1394 • Supports a multi-protocol system • W-USB, W-1394, DLNA profiles • Fairness policies, security & privacy • Supports technical specifications for UPnP/IP Platform April 11, 2005

  44. WiMedia Alliance • WiMedia Alliance has absorbed MBOA to promote OFDM-UWB • The DS-UWB camp has challenged that OFDM devices emit more radiation than FCC allowed • The original conservative procedure measures with the hopping stopped (continuous transmission at same frequency) • These procedures can result in measured emission levels that are greater than the UWB signal levels under actual operation [24] April 11, 2005

  45. WiMedia gets FCC waiver • FCC has just recently granted WiMedia a waiver of the emission measurement procedures. Can measure PSD with hopping between bands • The waiver is effective until the Commission finalizes a rule making proceeding dealing with these measurement issues • FCC’s stance is “to enable any UWB technology it is possible to enable, provided we protect incumbents” [25] and “not to pick a particular technology “ [26] April 11, 2005

  46. Wireless USB • The standard is based upon MBOA goals • Chose MB-OFDM UWB • Wireless USB 1.0 spec was just completed March 05 • Constructing USB compliant application stack • Working with 1394 and WiMedia to create radio sharing rules (Source: http://www.staccatocommunications.com/pressroom/articles_presentations.html) April 11, 2005

  47. UWB Forum • Supports Direct Sequence (DS) UWB specification for global UWB standard • 80+ companies • Freescale, Motorola, Samsung • Ahead of MBOA competitors in terms of UWB silicon • Freescale received first FCC certification for UWB chipset in August 2004 April 11, 2005

  48. Example UWB Activity • Samsung and Freescale demonstrate DS-UWB-enabled cell phone at 3GSM World Congress in Cannes, February 2005 • The demo used UWB to transfer photos from the handset to PC, and music and contact data from the PC to phone • Staccato is teaming it's MB-OFDM UWB PHY with Wisme's MAC technology to develop a single-chip CMOS UWB system. Production scheduled to start 2006 • “Just deploy, and we’ll figure it out” – FCC chair Michael Powell (Source: interview with Consumer Electronics Association President Gary Shapiro, January 2005) April 11, 2005

  49. UWB Technology Update Outline • Introduction to UWB and its historical and technical origins • UWB applications as viewed by Consumer Electronic (CE) and Computer companies • Challenges for Global Adoption – International Regulatory climate • Standards battle: UWB-DS vs. MBOA, and up-to-the-minute activities • New network management concepts based on knowledge of position and environment April 11, 2005

  50. Smarter Radios – in the future Smart radio would use spectral policy, spectrum sculpting to create a spectrum tailored to match environment Interference Map Desired Power Spectrum Coexistence Engine Interference temperature Local Regulatory Policy April 11, 2005

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