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Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons

Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons. Part 2: Sept. 19, 2011. Attributions. Attribution = explanation about a behavior Heider – personal vs. situational Attribution theories: 1. Jones – Correspondent Inference theory: Infer from action : Did the person have a choice? Was the behavior expected?

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Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons

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  1. Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons Part 2: Sept. 19, 2011

  2. Attributions • Attribution = explanation about a behavior • Heider – personal vs. situational • Attribution theories: • 1. Jones – Correspondent Inference theory: • Infer from action : • Did the person have a choice? • Was the behavior expected? • How many positive effects were there?

  3. Attribution Theories (cont.) • 2) Kelly’s Covariation theory: • Attribute behavior to internal (person) or external (situation) based on 3 questions – • 1. Consensus • 2. Distinctiveness • 3. Consistency • See fig 4.4

  4. If low distinctiveness & low consensus, but high consistency, which attribution? • Example? • If high distinctiveness & high consensus, but low consistency, which attribution? • Example?

  5. Attribution Biases • What are heuristics? • 1. Availability heuristic • Can lead to false consensus • Can lead to baserate fallacy

  6. Linked to counterfactual thinking • Regret over what we might have done • Olympic results example: • 2) Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE): • What is it? • 2-step model:

  7. Examples & Sources of the FAE • Example – • Sources of FAE: • 1) Actor-observer difference. What is it? • 2) Time perspective – • 3) Cultural differences –

  8. Motivational Biases • Self-serving biases • Influence of need for self-esteem • Belief in a just world

  9. Impression Formation • How do we integrate information to form impressions? • Common deviations from rules: • Perceiver characteristics • Priming effects • Target characteristics

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