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How Serious is the Herbicide Resistant Weed Issue?

How Serious is the Herbicide Resistant Weed Issue?. Eric P. Prostko Extension Weed Specialist Department of Crop & Soil Sciences. Is the sky falling? Did it already fall?. Chicken Little. Consequences of Resistance? Macon County, Georgia (2008). Herbicide Resistant Weeds Selection Pressure.

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How Serious is the Herbicide Resistant Weed Issue?

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  1. How Serious is the Herbicide Resistant Weed Issue? Eric P. Prostko Extension Weed Specialist Department of Crop & Soil Sciences

  2. Is the sky falling? Did it already fall? Chicken Little

  3. Consequences of Resistance?Macon County, Georgia (2008)

  4. Herbicide Resistant WeedsSelection Pressure Source: J.L. Gunsolus. Herbicide Resistant Weeds. 1998. North Central Region Extension Publication 468.

  5. Herbicide Resistant WeedsPollen Drift • Off-site movement (wind, gravity, insects) of resistance trait through pollen • Pollen from resistant male fertilizes susceptible female to produce resistant progeny • UGA researchers have documented GR-trait movement of at least 900’ (Palmer amaranth). Palmer Amaranth Pollen Source: Dr. Lynn Sosnoskie

  6. The US Wins the Gold Medal in Resistance!!!! Source: International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds (6/4/09) #4 – France (32); #5 – Spain (31)

  7. Worldwide Number of Glyphosate Resistant Weeds By Year (Cumulative)(Roundup was first introduced in 1974) Source: International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds (6/4/09)

  8. Confirmed Number of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in the Peanut Belt 9 10 11 3 15 1 5 5 12 3 5 7 5 Source: International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds (6/4/09)

  9. How did all this happen????? • Economics drive farmer decisions • No real long-term weed mgt. planning • Farm logistics • timeliness • Overuse (abuse) of glyphosate • Staple/Cadre in cotton/peanut • Reduced herbicides rates • Reduced tillage • Reduction in use of residuals • Reduction in cultivation • Dryland production systems Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Macon County, Georgia

  10. What can we do about it now! • Must understand modes of action • Start clean! • Skimp up front, pay later • Conventional tillage if needed/practical • Dryland, reduced tillage systems are in jeopardy!!! • Use a RESIDUAL herbicide in ALL crops! • Prevent escaped weeds from going to seed!

  11. 2009Macon CountyGR-Palmer Tests PRE No PRE 18 DAP

  12. 2009 GR-Palmer Amaranth TestMacon County NTC Boundary 6.5EC 1.75 pt/A PRE SB-06-09 May 15, 2009 24 DAT

  13. Herbicide Modes of Action • Do not worry about the technical stuff! • Check the label • Local Extension Service • Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) • http://www.hracglobal.com/ • Know what you are spraying!! 2,4-D chemical structure

  14. Under Utilized Herbicide Modes of ActionCan we use them????? • HPPD-inhibitors • Mesiotrione (Callisto) • Tembotrione (Laudis) • Topramezone (Impact) • Isoxaflutole (Balance Flexx)

  15. Palmer Amaranth Control in Field Corn with HPPD Herbicides - 2009 Corvus 2.6SC @ 3.33 oz/A PRE (April 11) Photo June 4 (54 DAT) NTC

  16. We are overusing the PPO inhibiting herbicides!!!!!!!! • Resistance has already been reported in other areas!!! • Common waterhemp • 2001 (Kansas) • 2002 (Illinois) • 2003 (Missouri) • Common ragweed • 2005 (Delaware) • Wild poinsettia • 2004 (Brazil)

  17. A long-term resistance plan?

  18. For More Weed Science Info:www.gaweed.com eprostko@uga.edu 229-386-3328 (office) 229-392-1034 (cell)

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