1 / 23

Integrated Weed Control Strategies in Organic Farming

Integrated Weed Control Strategies in Organic Farming. Jim Shrefler, OSU / WWAREC Charles Webber, USDA / ARS Warren Roberts, OSU / WWAREC Merritt Taylor, OSU / WWAREC “Lane Agricultural Center”. Cooperators / Collaborators. OSU Scientists, Specialists USDA Scientists Growers

lea
Télécharger la présentation

Integrated Weed Control Strategies in Organic Farming

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Integrated Weed Control Strategies in Organic Farming Jim Shrefler, OSU / WWAREC Charles Webber, USDA / ARS Warren Roberts, OSU / WWAREC Merritt Taylor, OSU / WWAREC “Lane Agricultural Center”

  2. Cooperators / Collaborators OSU Scientists, Specialists USDA Scientists Growers Noble Foundation Kerr Center

  3. While On The Soapbox … • Why do we want to do this? • What are the problems with non-organic? • Are we irrationally disregarding valuable technology? • Will organics be problem free? • Can exploration of organics lead to conceptually new ideas? • What will the bottom-line be ….. • Should we consider multi-generation sustainability?

  4. Weed Control For Organics- Presentation Emphasis - • Yes - Crops • Fruits • Vegetables • Herbs • Row Crops • No - Other Areas • Forages • Turf • Ornamentals

  5. What is a Weed? • “Plant whose virtues are yet to be discovered” • “A plant out of place” • Regardless, whether wild or cultivated, extraneous plants in a crop can reduce yield, quality and production cost

  6. General Management Factors • Exclusion • Elimination • Prevent Establishment • Removal • Amelioration

  7. General Management Factors- Exclusion - • Field selection • Prevent new weedy species additions

  8. General Management Factors- Elimination - • Prevent weed build-up • Destroy propagules • Solarization • Fumigation • Eradication – For minor infestations of certain weeds

  9. General Management Factors- Prevent Establishment - • Herbicides • Cultivation • Cover crops • Grazing • Mulches • organic and synthetic

  10. General Management Factors- Removal - • Mechanical • Chemical • Physical • flame • steam

  11. General Management Factors- Amelioration - • Crop Selection • crops that tolerate weeds • crops that enable control of weeds • Give crop an edge • transplants • planting date

  12. So, what can we do under the constraints of organics?

  13. Weed Management for Organics- Exclusion - • Field selection • a good choice • knowledge needed of sites • usefulness depends on available certified land • Prevent weed additions • critical for Organics • “bring-ins” may contain weeds • Organic mulches • Raw manures

  14. Weed Management for Organics- Elimination - • Prevent weed build-up • timely cultivation, tillage • purposeful plantings – don’t let weeds take over • Weed population reduction • perennial management through grazing • fallow / tillage cycles • solarization • fumigants???

  15. Weed Management for Organics- Prevent Establishment - • Preemergence “herbicides” • corn gluten meal, mustard meal • Timely cultivation • Stale seedbeds • Cover crop management • Species important: e.g. rye • Crop sequence (more detail later) • Grazing • Mulches • organic and synthetic

  16. Weed Management for Organics- Weed Removal –“Stop ‘em in their tracks” • Mechanical – cultivation • keep it shallow • minimize injury to the crop • Improve the root zone • Manual • choose easy-to-use tools

  17. Weed Management for Organics- Weed Removal (cont.)–“Stop ‘em in their tracks” • Chemical: vinegar, pelargonate, etc. • currently just contact activity • good foliage cover needed • Physical: energy consumers! • flame • special equipment, directed flame • best for small, annual weeds • steam

  18. Weed Management for Organics- Amelioration - • Crop Selection • use crops that tolerate weeds • rapid growth, dense canopy • crops that allow weed control • sweet corn – easily cultivated • Give crop an edge • plant date • transplants

  19. Specific Examples of Tactics • Cover crop management • Preemergence “herbicide” • “Burn down” chemicals

  20. Cover Crop Management • Cereal Rye a classic example • Effective due to • Biochemical constituents • Biomass • Management involves • Coordination of rye growth with crop plant date: • Rye destruction: rolling?, tillage? • Crop planting method

  21. Preemergence “Herbicides”Bioherbicides • Corn Gluten Meal • Makeup: 9% nitrogen (fertilizer?) • Available as powder, granule, pellet • Weed control properties • Certain peptides toxic to germinating seeds • Works best under drying soil conditions • Apply to surface or mix very shallowly

  22. Burn-down Chemicals • Pelargonic acid is a leading option • Also called nonanoic acid & pelargonate • Kills living plant tissue within hours • Contact action not systemic • Ammonium formulation for organic use • Control • Grasses: Small & before tillering is best • Broadleafs: varies with species • No crop selectivity

More Related