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Role of Private Sector in Air Quality Management & Air Quality Monitoring in India

Role of Private Sector in Air Quality Management & Air Quality Monitoring in India. Sandeep Shrivastava Confederation of Indian Industry New Delhi BAQ Workshop December 6, 2004 Agra, India. Presentation Structure. Drivers for AQ Management & Monitoring in India

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Role of Private Sector in Air Quality Management & Air Quality Monitoring in India

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  1. Role of Private Sector in Air Quality Management & Air Quality Monitoring in India Sandeep Shrivastava Confederation of Indian Industry New Delhi BAQ Workshop December 6, 2004 Agra, India

  2. Presentation Structure • Drivers for AQ Management & Monitoring in India • AQ Management: Issues for Industry • AQ Management: Role of Industry • AQ Monitoring: Present Scenario • AQ Management & Monitoring: Indian Market • Summary: Issues and Suggestions

  3. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Urbanisation • Court cases • Community Pressure • Industrialization • Legislation • Voluntary Initiatives

  4. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Urbanisation - Number of cities of over one million population swelled from 5 to 35 between 1951-2001 - In Delhi, population is doubled in last two decades, vehicular population has gone up by 9 times - Increase in PM10 and PM 2.5 in all the metro cities - Transport Sector contributes 52-67% of total pollution load in metro cities, industry 35-46%

  5. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Urbanisation Annual Benefits from Reduced Air Pollution (from current level to a safe level as defined by WHO for households) in Cities (using hedonic Property prices model)* Rs. 54,833 million (or USD 1.16 b) in Delhi Rs. 37,026 million(or USD 0.8 b) in Kolkata ---------- *Ref: Valuation and Accounting of Urban Air Pollution: A study of some urban areas in Indian subcontinent (2003)

  6. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Judiciary - Article 21 of Constitution- ‘Right to Life’ - Clean fuel use in metropolitan cities - Multi-pronged strategy for vehicular pollution control - Relocation of Air Polluting Industry

  7. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Community Pressure - Civil Action groups more vigilant - A number of public interest litigations (PILs) pending in courts

  8. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Industrialization - Large industrial base of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) (account for 40% of national income and 60% of total pollution load) - Air Pollution Hot spots - Employing in-efficient and obsolete technologies

  9. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Legislation - Air Pollution (Prevention & Control) of Pollution Act, 1981 - Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 - Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000 - Environmental Clearance Requirements, 1994 - Order of Supreme Court for display of monitored data - Factories Act, 1948 for Occupational Exposure limits of dust, fumes and noise

  10. Drivers for Air Quality Management & Monitoring Initiatives in India • Voluntary Initiatives by Industry - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - EMS (ISO 14001) - Sustainability Reporting a) Environmental Performance b) GHG Emissions

  11. AQ Management: Issues for Industry Air Emissions and Energy Efficiency: Linkages • Major Sectors in India can be targeted for energy- efficiency improvements and other initiatives: - Industry - Power Generation - Transport

  12. Energy Saving Potential in Indian Industry Select Industry Sectors * Energy SavingPotential (%) Iron & Steel 10 Fertilizers 15 Textiles 25 Pulp & Paper 25 Cement 15 Chlor-Alkali 15 Ferrous Foundry 20 Glass & Ceramic 20 Petrochemicals 15 Refineries 10 *Source: CII Newsletter ( December, 2000)

  13. AQ Management: Role of Industry General Industry: Initiatives - Energy efficient Process technologies - Energy Audits (Energy Conservation Act, 2001) - Increased use of Renewable Energy - Demand Side Management (lighting, RAC) i) Energy Efficiency ii) Energy Conservation

  14. AQ Management: Role of Industry Thermal Power plants - A major source of air pollution[Contributes 75% of electricity production in India and use more than 70% of total coal production] Initiatives - Pit head coal washing - Fluidized bed combustion and Integrated Coal Gasification (IGCC) Technologies - Reduce T & D Losses - Efficiency improvement: CO2 reduction with simultaneous reduction in other pollutants

  15. AQ Management : Role of Industry Transport Management: Initiatives -Cleaner Automobile technology - Clean fuel - Monitoring of air quality - Inspection & Maintenance

  16. AQ Monitoring: Current Scenario in India • NAAQM Stations (CPCB, NEERI, SPCBs) • A few industry are also doing ambient monitoring • Numbers of AAQ Stations/ parameters not adequate • Emission inventory/ realistic emission factors absent • Few Source apportionment studies • Few Epidemiological studies

  17. A Q Management & Monitoring Equipment System: Market Indian market of air pollution monitoring, control & testing system (stationary & mobile sources) • 10% of overall environmental technologies market • 15-20% annual growth • USD 180m to 200m in 1999

  18. Summary: Issues and Suggestions Air Quality Management • Market-based instruments should be introduced by the central and state governments for encouraging energy-efficiency measures in industry, domestic & municipal sectors • Priority Action of government/ power generators is needed to augment process efficiency and to cut down T & D Losses • Need to have better traffic management / alternative transport system • To have public-private partnership in development of alternative cooking methods and promoting cleaner fuels for domestic use to reduce indoor air pollution

  19. Summary: Issues and Suggestions Air Quality Monitoring - PromotePublic-private partnership in widening NAAQ monitoring network in the country - Monitoring/supply of monitoring data by private companies to be promoted as “service” sector - Corporate Sector involvement in emission inventory, source apportionment study and for evolving realistic emission factors to be encouraged - Promote corporate sector involvement in health studies

  20. Summary: Issues and Suggestions Air Quality Monitoring (Contd…) - Emphasize on self monitoring and reporting at the corporate level - Government should create enabling environment for enhanced FDI in environmental goods and services through encouraging strategic alliances with Indian partners

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