1. Useful Data Structures in C++ and Java

2. Useful Data Structures in C++ (1) • Templates are C++’s mechanism to define abstract objects which can be parameterized by type. • The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) provides implementations of many useful data structures, such as stacks, queues, dictionaries, priority queues, and sets.

3. Useful Data Structures in C++ (3) • Stack – S.push(), S.top(), S.pop(), S.empty(). You should always top on pop because top returns but does not remove the element on top, while pop removes but does not return the element. • Queue – Q.front(), Q.back(), Q.push(), Q.pop(), and Q.empty(). Queue have the same idiosyncrasies as stack.

4. Useful Data Structures in C++ (3) • Dictionary – STL contains a wide variety of containers, including hash_map, a hashed associative container binding keys to data items. Methods include H.erase(), H.find(), and H.insert() • Priority Queue – Declared priority-queue<int> Q;, methods include Q.top(), Q.push, Q.pop(), and Q.empty(). • Set – Sets are represented as sorted associative containers, declared set<key, comparison> S;. Set algorithms include set_union and set_intersection, as well as other standard set operators.

5. Useful Data Structures in Java (1) • Useful standard Java objects appear in the java.util package. Below are some useful objects related to data structures. • To use java.util include import java.util.*; at the beginning of your program to improt the whole package.

6. Useful Data Structures in Java (2)

7. Useful Data Structures in Java (3) • You can declare a data structure object with an interface or abstract class and instantiate it using a concrete class, likeMap myMap = new HashMap(); • Or you can declare a data structure object and instantiate it with a concrete class, likeHashMap myMap = new HashMap();