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Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems by Elizabeth Harris.

Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems by Elizabeth Harris. . What is a Cell?.

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Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems by Elizabeth Harris.

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  1. Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems by Elizabeth Harris.

  2. What is a Cell? Cells are the smallest unit of living matter. All living things are made up of cells including bacteria, insects, small mammal’s and humans. There are a lot of different cells. Cells contain atoms which is matter, the basic building blocks of objects. (1, 3)

  3. How Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems Work. Certain cells perform certain functions. When two cells perform similar functions they are both organized into tissues. For example: A tissue like a skin tissue contain a collection of cells that are highly specialized and are designed to do their job by creating new cells and absorbing the nutrients to keep the skin healthy. If the cells in our skin didn’t fight off infection we would die due to the infection passing through our skin into our body. (1, 3, 5)

  4. How do cells and organ systems work together to create an organism? • An organism is a living thing that can react to certain things like light, glucose, carbon dioxide, etc. reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis. An organism can be a bacteria, protist, fungi, virus, animal, or plant. • An organ system is a group of organs that work together and complete a particular task such as the respiratory systems job is to carry oxygen to your lungs and other parts of your body then dispose of carbon dioxide. • A cell is the structural, functional, and biological unit of organisms. (1, 5, 6. 7, 8) “When two or more similar cells join together we get a tissue. Two or more similar tissue fuse to form a organ. Different organs function together to make a organ system.“ (8)

  5. This is a tree map explaining the flow of how cells and organ systems contribute to making an organism.

  6. Plant and animal cells Plant and animal cells both have some things in common such as a nucleus. Plant cells contain unique organelles that use light and turn it into energy. This is called photosynthesis. Each tiny cell organelle has a special job to do within the cell. (1, 4)

  7. Essential cell organelles Cell organelles carry out important functions in plants and animal cells. The nucleus builds new proteins including enzymes and also controls activity in the cell so nothing goes hay wire. The nucleus also contains DNA, the material of inheritance and is able to produce new daughter cells during cell division aka mitosis. Mitochondria breathes glucose and oxygen releasing energy. (1, 5) Cell organelles in plants and animals:

  8. Specific cells in Humans and Animals Cells are designed for specific functions in the human body and an animal body, which are very much alike. Billions and billions of cells work together in our body to support their assigned life. A red blood cell for example does not contain a nucleus so there is more room to transport more oxygen to the rest of the body. A muscle cell may contain more mitochondria than normal cells because it must produce more energy. (1, 2, 4) Specific cells in animals:

  9. Specific cells in Plants. Like in animal cells, plant cells are also specifically designed to function along with their rolls and produce life. Millions of cells work together to produce food for these green plants by taking light and turning it into energy. A pollen cell, for example is like a male sperm cell compared to an animal sperm cell. The pollen cell is transferred to the female carpel by insects therefore creating new genetic information to create a new plant. (1, 8, 10)

  10. Mitosis Parent cell Stage one 2n DNA replicates Stage two 4n Chromosomes 2n Stage three separate 2 Daughter cells Stage four 2n The size of cells in plants and animals Cells in plants and animals come in all different sizes. We need a microscope to exam the size of cells. Plant cells are much smaller than animal cells. Both plant and animal cells split or divide before becoming to large. If cells didn’t split the surface area would become too large and release oxygen and nutrients that could have been absorbed. (1, 10,11)

  11. References 1. Unit 38 Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems http://www.slideshare.net/scienceinteractive/unit-38-cells-tissues-organs-and-organ-systems 2. Medicene.Net http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5260 3. Biology.about.com http://biology.about.com/od/organsystems/a/aa031706a.htm 4. Cells Alive! http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/3dcell.htm 5. Cells and Organelles http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm 6. Answers.com http://www.answers.com/topic/organism 7. Biology-online.org http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cell 8. Biology-online.org http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cell 9. Wiki.answers.com http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Relate_cells_to_tissues_to_organs_to_organ_systems_how_do_they_work_together

  12. References 10. Microscopy.fsu.edu http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html 11. Wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29

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