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Understanding Voting Systems: Plurality, Majority, Ranked, and Other Methods

Voting systems are fundamental to democratic decision-making. This overview explains various voting mechanisms, including Plurality (most votes win), Majority (needs over half the votes), and Ranked systems (voters rank candidates). We also touch on Non-Ranked systems like Sequential Voting and criteria-based methods like the Condorcet Method, Borda Count, Approval Voting, Negative Voting, and Weighted Voting. Each system's nuances affect election outcomes and voter representation, making understanding these processes essential for informed participation in democracy.

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Understanding Voting Systems: Plurality, Majority, Ranked, and Other Methods

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  1. Voting Systems • Plurality (one person, one vote, most votes win) • Majority (one person, one vote, winner needs a majority of votes cast • Ranked (voters rank their candidate preferences • Non ranked (voters simply express a preference in a vote)

  2. Non Ranked Systems • Sequential Voting • Elections involve a multistage process in order to select a majority winner • Condorcet Method: • Candidate who can beat other candidates in pair-wise contests is the winner • In absence of Condorcet winner, we need to recognize that we have no true “will of the people” candidate

  3. Ranked Systems • Majority Preferential (Sequential Elimination) • Winning candidate needs to have a majority of votes • Voters rank candidates from most preferred to least preferred • Count everybody’s first place votes, if no candidate has a majority, eliminate the lowest vote-getter and transfer votes to next candidate on each voter’s preference list

  4. Ranked Systems • Borda Count • Voters rank candidates, most preferred to least preferred • Point values are assigned for each position • Add the point values for each candidate and candidate with most points wins

  5. Number of Delegates 18 12 10 9 4 2 First Choice Second Choice Third Choice Fourth Choice FifthChoice

  6. Other Systems • Approval Voting • Voters receive “x” number of votes, corresponding to the number of candidates in the election • e.g., if 3 candidates, voters get 3 votes • Voters allocate those votes however they want among the candidates • Winning candidate is the one with the most votes

  7. Other Systems • Negative Voting • Voters receive one vote, but that vote can be either a vote for (+) or a vote against (-) a candidate • Voters cast a single ballot (+ or - ) • Winning candidate is the one with the most votes

  8. Other Systems • Weighted Voting • Voters receive extra votes based on some predetermined relevant criteria • Voters cast a single ballot with all their votes to a single candidate • Winning candidate is the one with the most votes

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