Hazardous Waste Management

1. Hazardous Waste Management Tsvetomir Kalchev, Executive Environment Agency tsvkalchev@gmail.com

2. MOEW RIEW BLAGOEVGRAD WEST AEGEAN SEA RIVER BASIN DIRECTORATE, BLAGOEVGRAD RIEW BOURGAS NATIONAL PARK “PIRIN” DIRECTORATE, BANSKO RIEW VARNA RIEW VELIKO TARNOVO BASIN DIRECTORATE WATER MANAGEMENT IN BLACK SEA REGION, VARNA RIEW VRATZA NATIONAL PARK “RILA” DIRECTORATE, BLAGOEVGRAD RIEW MONTANA EXECUTIVE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY BASIN DIRECTORATE DANUBE REGION, PLEVEN RIEW PAZARDJIK NATIONAL PARK “CENTRAL BALKAN” DIRECTORATE, GABROVO RIEW PLEVEN RIEW PLOVDIV EAST AEGEAN SEA RIVER BASIN DIRECTORATE, PLOVDIV RIEW RUSSE RIEW SMOLYAN RIEW SOFIA RIEW STARA ZAGORA RIEW HASKOVO + RIEW PERNIK RIEW SHOUMEN

3. EEA Executive Environment Agency is recognised as an information and data analytical unit for supporting the realisation of the state policy in the field of environmental protection is a structure under the Ministry of Environment and Water is the management body of the National System for Environmental Monitoring (NSEM) is the National Reference Centre for the European Environment Agency

4. EEA Agency’s structure Executive director Secretary general Board of directors Analytical Laboratory Activities General Directorate Permit Regimes Directorate • IPPC Permits Dept. • Emission Trading Permit Dept. Administrative and Legal Service, Financial Activity and Property Management, Defines – Mobilization Training and Human Resources Directorate Environmental Monitoring Directorate • Air Monitoring Dept. • Air Quality Laboratory • Waste QualityLaboratory • Water Monitoring Dept • Water Quality Laboratory • Ionization and Non-ionization Radiation Monitoring Sector • Administrative and Legal Service and Human Resourses Dept • Quality Control and Instrumental Analysis Methods Laboratories • Financial Activity Sector • Waste Monitoring Dept • Soil Quality, Bio-toxicology and Microbiology Laboratories • Human Resources Sector • Soil, Biological Diversity and Protected Areas Monitoring Dept. • Information System Service and Programming Dept • Radiation Measurements Laboratory • Coordination of Regional laboratories Department • Regional Laboratories – 15 units • Edition Design and Information Dept • International cooperation Dept • Chancellery and Property Management • GIS Department

5. EEA Environmental Monitoring Directorate - functions • organises and manages the National System for Environment Monitoring which monitors harmful emissions in air and water, ambient air quality, surface and ground water, soils, forest ecosystems, biodiversity and protected areas, hazardous waste, and the ionization and non-ionization impact of the environmental • is responsible for the development of the NSEM subsystems; • creates and maintains data base containing information on the environmental components; • carries out analyses and assessments of the state of the environment; • issues periodical Bulletins and Annual Bulletin for the State of Environment; • develops, implements and maintains modern technological solutions on the base ofRemote Sensing and GIS for Spatial visualization And analysis of environmental information; • collects, process and reports information to the European Environment Agency;

6. Executive Environment Agency National System for Environmental Monitoring National monitoring networks INFORMATION SYSTEMS AIR EMMISSIONS AIR WATER WASTE WATER SOIL RADIATION WASTE NOISE BIODIVERSITY & PROTECTED AREAS BIODIVERSITY PROTECTED AREAS RADIATION

7. EEA Waste Monitoring Department carrying out the Information exchange between the Ministry of Environment and Water, the Regional Inspectorates and other institutions is responsible for the development of the NSEM subsystem - Waste creating and maintaining data base containing information on the waste component carrying out data analyses and assessments of the Environmental state

8. Waste treatment Framework legislation Waste streams 1975 Waste oils 1986 Sewage sludge Directive on hazardous waste 1991 2008 Batteries 1994 2005 Packaging IPPC Community Waste Management Strategy PCBs 1996 Landfill of waste Waste Framework Directive Regulation on POP 2004 Incineration of waste End of life vehicles 2000 2002 2008 Electric & Electronic Waste Regulation on shipment of waste SUR 2005 IPP 2001 SCP 2008 2000 PVC 1975/2008 1996 1991 1993 1996 1999 2000

9. LEGAL DEFINITIONS Wastemeans any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard (2008/98) Hazardous waste means waste which displays one or more of the hazardous properties listed in Annex III PROPERTIES OF WASTE WHICH RENDER IT HAZARDOUS (2008/98) dangerous substance means any substance that has been or will be classified as dangerous in Directive 67/548/EEC as amended; ‘heavy metal’ means any compound of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium (VI), copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tellurium, thallium and tin, including these metals in metallic form, as far as these are classified as dangerous substances. (00/532) If a waste is identified as hazardous by a specific or general reference to dangerous substances, the waste is hazardous only if the concentrations of those substances are such (i.e. percentage by weight) that the waste presents one or more of the properties listed in Annex III to Council Directive 91/689/EEC. As regards H3 to H8, H10 and H11, Article 2 of this Decision applies. For the characteristics H1, H2, H9 and H12 to H14 Article 2 of the present Decision does not provide specifications at present.

10. ANNEX III PROPERTIES OF WASTE WHICH RENDER IT HAZARDOUS H 7 ‘Carcinogenic’: substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may induce cancer or increase its incidence. H 8 ‘Corrosive’: substances and preparations which may destroy living tissue on contact. H 9 ‘Infectious’: substances and preparations containing viable micro-organisms or their toxins which are known or reliably believed to cause disease in man or other living organisms. H 10 ‘Toxic for reproduction’: substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may induce non-hereditary congenital malformations or increase their incidence. H 11 ‘Mutagenic’: substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may induce hereditary genetic defects or increase their incidence. H 12 Waste which releases toxic or very toxic gases in contact with water, air or an acid. H 13 (*) ‘Sensitizing’: substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or if they penetrate the skin, are capable of eliciting a reaction of hypersensitization such that on further exposure to the substance or preparation, characteristic adverse effects are produced. H 14 ‘Ecotoxic’: waste which presents or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. H 15 Waste capable by any means, after disposal, of yielding another substance, e.g. a leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics listed above. H 1 ‘Explosive’: substances and preparations which may explode under the effect of flame or which are more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitrobenzene. H 2 ‘Oxidizing’: substances and preparations which exhibit highly exothermic reactions when in contact with other substances, particularly flammable substances. H 3-A ‘Highly flammable’ — liquid substances and preparations having a flash point below 21 °C (including extremely flammable liquids), or — substances and preparations which may become hot and finally catch fire in contact with air at ambient temperature without any application of energy, or — solid substances and preparations which may readily catch fire after brief contact with a source of ignition and which continue to burn or to be consumed after removal of the source of ignition, or — gaseous substances and preparations which are flammable in air at normal pressure, or — substances and preparations which, in contact with water or damp air, evolve highly flammable gases in dangerous quantities. H 3-B ‘Flammable’: liquid substances and preparations having a flash point equal to or greater than 21 °C and less than or equal to 55 °C. H 4 ‘Irritant’: non-corrosive substances and preparations which, through immediate, prolonged or repeated contact with the skin or mucous membrane, can cause inflammation. H 5 ‘Harmful’: substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may involve limited health risks. H 6 ‘Toxic’: substances and preparations (including very toxic substances and preparations) which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may involve serious, acute or chronic health risks and even death.

11. RISKPHRASES R1 Explosive when dry R2 Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other source of ignition R3 Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other source of ignition R4Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds R5 Heating may cause an explosion R6 Explosive with or without contact with air R7 May cause fire R8 Contact with combustible material may cause fire R9 Explosive when mixed with combustible material R10 Flammable R11Highly flammable R12 Extremely flammable R13 Extremely flammable liquefied gas R14 Reacts violently with water R15 Contact with water liberates highly flammable gases R16 Explosive when mixed with oxidising substances R17 Spontaneously flammable in air R18 In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture R19 May form explosive peroxides R20 Harmful by inhalation R21 Harmful in contact with skin R22 Harmful if swallowed R23 Toxic by inhalation R24 Toxic in contact with skin R25 Toxic if swallowed R26Very toxic by inhalation R27 Very toxic in contact with skin R28 Very toxic if swallowed R29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas R30 Can become highly flammable in use R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas R32 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas R33 Danger of cumulative effects R34 Causes burns R35 Causes severe burns R36 Irritating to eyes R37 Irritating to respiratory system R38 Irritating to skin R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects R40 Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes R42 May cause sensitisation by inhalation R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact R44 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement R45 May cause cancer R46May cause heritable genetic damage R47 May cause birth defects R48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure R49 May cause cancer by inhalation R50Very toxic to aquatic organisms R51 Toxic to aquatic organisms R52 Harmful to aquatic organisms R53 May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment R54 Toxic to flora R55 Toxic to fauna R56 Toxic to soil organisms R57 Toxic to bees R58 May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment R59 Dangerous to the ozone layer R60 May impair fertility R61 May cause harm to the unborn child R62 Possible risk of impaired fertility R63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child and 62 more combination risk phrases ...

12. COMMISSION DECISION 2000/532/EC LIST OF WASTES CATALOGUE Wastes classified as hazardous are considered to display one or more of the properties listed in Annex III to Directive 91/689/EEC and, as regards H3 to H8, H10 (6) and H11 of that Annex, one or more of the following: one or more substances known to be carcinogenic of category 1 or 2 at a total concentration ≥ 0,1 %, one or more substances toxic for reproduction of category 1 or 2 classified as R60, R61 at a total concentration ≥ 0,5 %, one or more substances toxic for reproduction of category 3 classified as R62, R63 at a total concentration ≥ 5 %, one or more mutagenic substances of category 1 or 2 classified as R46 at a total concentration ≥ 0,1 %, one or more mutagenic substances of category 3 classified as R40 at a total concentration ≥ 1 %. flash point ≤ 55 °C, one or more substances classified (1) as very toxic at a total concentration ≥ 0,1 %, one or more substances classified as toxic at a total concentration ≥ 3 %, one or more substances classified as harmful at a total concentration ≥ 25 %, one or more corrosive substances classified as R35 at a total concentration ≥ 1 %, one or more corrosive substances classified as R34 at a total concentration ≥ 5 %, one or more irritant substances classified as R41 at a total concentration ≥ 10 %, one or more irritant substances classified as R36, R37, R38 at a total concentration ≥ 20

13. PERMIT AND REGISTRATION Issue of permits (ART. 23 08/98) 1. Member States shall require any establishment or undertaking intending to carry out waste treatment to obtain a permit from the competent authority. 2. Permits may be granted for a specified period and may be renewable. 3. Where the competent authority considers that the intended method of treatment is unacceptable from the point of view of environmental protection, in particular when the method is not in accordance with Article 13, it shall refuse to issue the permit. 4. It shall be a condition of any permit covering incineration or co-incineration with energy recovery that the recovery of energy take place with a high level of energy efficiency. 5. Provided that the requirements of this Article are complied with, any permit produced pursuant to other national or Community legislation may be combined with the permit required under paragraph 1 to form a single permit, where such a format obviates the unnecessary duplication of information and the repetition of work by the operator or the competent authority. • Environment Protection Act • All entities performing generation or/and treatment or transportation of industrial or/and hazardous waste, excluded hazardous waste generated from households. • 1. Issued with license according article 54 of Waste Management Act; • 2. Issued with permit according article 37 of WMA, or • 3. IPPC permit according issued pursuant to the procedure referred to in Chapter seven, Section II of the Environment Protection Act (EPA).

14. REPORTIN AN REVIEWING • Every three years, Member States shall inform the Commission of the implementation of this Directive by submitting a sectoral report in an electronic form. This report shall also contain information on the management of waste oil and on the progress achieved in the implementation of the waste prevention programmes and, as appropriate, information on measures as foreseen by Article 8 on extended producer responsibility. The report shall be drawn up on the basis of a questionnaire or outline established by the Commission in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 6 of Council Directive 91/692/EEC of 23 December 1991 standardising and rationalising reports on the implementation of certain Directives relating to the environment [27]. The report shall be submitted to the Commission within nine months of the end of the three year period covered by it. 2. The Commission shall send the questionnaire or outline to the Member States six months before the start of the period covered by the sectoral report. 3. The Commission shall publish a report on the implementation of this Directive within nine months of receiving the sectoral reports from the Member States in accordance with paragraph 1. 4. In the first report that intervenes by 12 December 2014, the Commission shall review the implementation of this Directive, including the energy efficiency provisions, and will present a proposal for revision if appropriate. The report shall also assess the existing Member State waste prevention programmes, objectives and indicators and shall review the opportunity of Community level programmes, including producer responsibility schemes for specific waste streams, targets, indicators and measures related to recycling, as well as material and energy recovery operations that may contribute to fulfilling the objectives set out in Articles 1 and 4 more effectively.

15. REPORTING AND REVIEW IN BULGARIA Regulation on the requirements for treatment and transportation of waste oils and waste oil products Regulation 9 WASTE GENERATORS WEEE Waste shipment WASTE TRANSPORTERS MoEW ExEA RIEWs Regulation on the requirements for treatment of ELV Ordinance on packaging and packaging waste WASTE TREATMENT TEMPORARY STORAGE OF WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL IPPC Sewage sludge Regulation on the requirements for marketing of batteries and accumulators and for treatment and transportation of spent batteries and accumulators

16. RESPONSIBILITIES AND RELATED INSTITUTIONS BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS PACKAGING WASTE ELV WASTE OILS WEEE REGULATION 9 OBLIGATIONS GENERATORS ECONOMICAL OPERATORS OPERATORS OF SITES FOR TEMPORARY STORAGE OPERATORS OF FACILITIES FOR PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OPERATORS OF RECYCLING INSTALLATIONS RECOVERY ORGANIZATIONS NSI CUSTOMS AGENCY STATE AGENCY FOR METROLOGY AND TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE CONSUMERS PROTECTION COMMISSION NATIONAL REVENUE AGENCY TRAFFIC POLICE EXECUTIVE AUTOMOBILE ADMINISTRATION AGENCY

17. CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE QUALITY REPORT 2009 • The Bulgarian waste management legislation authorizes the RIEWs to perform annual check controls over all entities (at least but not limited to one check per year); • All entities performing generation and/or treatment or transportation of industrial and/or hazardous waste, should fill in and keep on the site the so called “Report book” in line with the requirements of Ordinance No.9; • The ExEA is the institution authorized to summarize and disseminate all the data on hazardous waste at national level. The summarizing process includes historical survey and cross checking of the data reported from different stakeholders (collectors, treatment installations, disposal facilities and etc.). Art. 17 2008/98 Member States shall take the necessary action to ensure that the production, collection and transportation of hazardous waste, as well as its storage and treatment, are carried out in conditions providing protection for the environment and human health in order to meet the provisions of Article 13, including action to ensure traceability from production to final destination and control of hazardous waste in order to meet the requirements of Articles 35 (Record keeping) and 36 (Enforcement and penalties)

19. GENERATED HAZARDOUS WASTE IN BULGARIA

20. GENERATED HAZARDOUS WASTE IN BULGARIA by EWC codes *Other waste (Metallic wastes, Discarded vehicles, Spent solvents, Mixed and undifferentiated materials, Spent chemical catalysts, Contaminated soils and polluted dredging spoils, Waste containing PCB, Construction and demolition wastes, Batteries and accumulators wastes, Health care and biological wastes, Discarded equipment, Wood wastes, Asbestos wastes, Used oils, Chemical preparation wastes, Sorting residues, Glass wastes)

21. Transferred waste for disposal operations *Other waste (Metallic wastes, Discarded vehicles, Spent solvents, Mixed and undifferentiated materials, Spent chemical catalysts, Contaminated soils and polluted dredging spoils, Waste containing PCB, Construction and demolition wastes, Batteries and accumulators wastes, Health care and biological wastes, Discarded equipment, Wood wastes, Asbestos wastes, Used oils, Chemical preparation wastes, Sorting residues, Glass wastes)

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