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Cladistics

Cladistics. Determining relatedness and forming theories. What it is….What it isn’t. Evolutionary systematics Organisms most related to an ancestor will more closely resemble that ancestor. Traditional form of systematics Phylogenetic systematics ( cladisitics )

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Cladistics

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  1. Cladistics Determining relatedness and forming theories

  2. What it is….What it isn’t • Evolutionary systematics • Organisms most related to an ancestor will more closely resemble that ancestor. • Traditional form of systematics • Phylogenetic systematics (cladisitics) • Focus more on homologies (evolutionarily connected and shared structures) • Cladistics argues that it is more scientific and less subjective than evolutionary systematics.

  3. Homologies…What are they?

  4. Homologies vsAnalogies

  5. Cladograms • Used to show theoretical evolutionary relationships between living (extant) and extinct species. • Phylogenetic systematics (cladistics) • Focuses on homologous structural evolution • Shared ancestral characteristics • Humans are more closely related to all vertebrate species than they are related to invertebrate species

  6. Cladograms Take a minute right now and look at these images. Write down in your notebooks 3 separate definitions to describe how these are different.

  7. Building a Cladogram

  8. Exit Ticket • Explain the difference between a monophyletic, polyphyletic and paraphyletic grouping. Use a diagram to help if you need to. • What is a clade? • How is evolutionary systematics different from phylogenetic or cladistic systematics?

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