What is the significance?

1. What is the significance? • What is this picture of?

2. Homework • Homework Chapter 13 pages 344 – 349 • Question: With the ever growing population and the demand on the current health care system, should euthanasia and eugenics be practiced by the government? • For next class be able to explain what is euthanasia and eugenics?

3. Growth • Urbanization = the movement of people from rural to urban (cities and suburbs) areas • Society’s greatest change since it became sedentary • Urban populations are growing rapidly • The growing human population • More people are moving to urban areas

4. Growth • Urbanization began when agricultural surpluses allowed people to leave their farms • Creating specialized manufacturing professions, class structure, political hierarchies, and urban centers • The industrial revolution spawned technology • Creating jobs and opportunities in cities • Increasing production efficiencies • In 1950, 30% of the population was urban; today, it’s 49% • Urban populations will double by 2050 • Rural populations will decline by 16%

5. Why cities grew Cities grew to bring the labor force closer to the factories and because cheap housing. Cities grew because of climate, topography, and waterways determine whether a small settlement becomes a large city

6. Where is this? • What is the significance of this picture? • This is roughly where Fenway Park is located. • Filled in to allow growth of the city, hence the term Backbay.

7. New Material • Who came up with the idea of highways and why? • President Eisenhower. • To evacuate the population in the event of a nuclear war. Could this be achieved successfully today? • Lead to greater growth of the country and more movement by people.

8. New Material • How did our society develop: • 1st Hunter / Gathers • Farmers • Development of the cities • People move away from the cities but people still want easy access to the cities.

9. New Material • Urbanization began when agricultural surpluses allowed people to leave their farms • Creating specialized manufacturing professions, class structure, political hierarchies, and urban centers • The industrial revolution spawned technology • Creating jobs and opportunities in cities • In 1950, 30% of the population was urban; today, it’s 49% • Urban populations will double by 2050 • Rural populations will decline by 16% • What is / will be the impact?

10. New Material • Today, cities thrive in resource-poor areas • Cheap fossil fuels and powerful technologies (Dallas) • Water is brought in from distant areas (e.g., Las Vegas) • Cities in the southern and western U.S. have grown • Why? • People (retirees) moved from northern and eastern states. Why Texas, Arizona & Florida? • Warmer weather, lower taxes • Phoenix grew 91% between 1990 and 2008

11. New Material • How & Why did the suburbs develop? • Millions commute to downtown jobs from suburban “bedroom communities” • Sprawl = the spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from an urban center

12. New Material • What is the purpose of planning and zoning?

13. New Material • Sprawl

14. New Material • When sprawl started in the modern age. • Following WW II, the government passed the GI Bill. How did this impact housing construction?

15. Space of the suburbs • Note the growth and water is limited

16. Types of development leading to sprawl • Sprawl

17. Problems with Sprawl • Economists, politicians, and city boosters think growth is always good, but is it? • Transportation: people are forced to drive cars • Lack of mass transit options • More traffic • Increases dependence on nonrenewable petroleum • Pollution = carbon dioxide, air pollutants, ozone, smog, acid precipitation • Motor oil and road salt from roads and parking lots