2. Teacher’s Notes A slide contains teacher’s notes wherever this icon is displayed - To access these notes go to ‘Notes Page View’ (PowerPoint 97) or ‘Normal View’ (PowerPoint 2000). Notes Page View Normal View Flash Files A flash file has been embedded into the PowerPoint slide wherever this icon is displayed – These files are not editable.

3. Electromagnetism : Magnetic? Which of the metals below are magnetic metals? Gold (Au) Cobalt (Co) Iron (Fe) Nickel (Ni) Zinc(Zn) Copper (Cu) Aluminium(Al) Magnesium (Mg) Silver (Ag)

4. Electromagnetism : Magnetic? N S Ni Co Au Fe Cu Mg Zn Al Ag Only Iron [Fe], Nickel [Ni] and Cobalt [Co] are :

5. N S What is a magnetic Field ? The region around a magnet where it has a magnetic effect is called its magnetic field. If you put a magnetic material in that field it will experience a force. The iron filings locate the magnetic field and show the direction of the forces in this region.

6. Electromagnetism :Magnetic Fields  What does the magnetic field around a bar magnet look like ? [shape and direction]. N S Strongest at poles Weaker further away

7. Magnetic Fields - Experiments Put the north poles of two bar magnets together. What happens? Now put the two magnets under a piece of paper with the N poles together. Carefully scatter iron filings on the paper. Draw what you see.

8. Magnetic field pattern with N poles together N S N S Notice the pattern of lines of force in this region.

9. Magnetic Fields - Experiments Put the north and south poles of two bar magnets together. What happens? Now put the two magnets under a piece of paper with N and S poles together. Carefully scatter iron filings on the paper. Draw what you see.

10. Magnetic field pattern with N and S poles together S N S N Notice the pattern of lines of force in this region. How are they different from before?

11. Magnetic Fields - Summary 1. When two like poles (e.g. two North poles or 2 South poles) are put together, they repel each other. 2. When two unlike poles (e.g. a North and a South pole) are put together, they attract each other. 3. Scattering iron filings around the bar magnets allows us to see the lines of force of the magnetic field.

12. Making a magnet It is possible to make a magnet by magnetising a material which can be attracted to a magnet, e.g. a paperclip. This can be done by: Stroking a magnet along the paperclip from one end to the other and then starting from the same place, repeat the movement. The more time this is done, the more magnetic the clip becomes. Holding a nail in a magnetic field and hitting it with a hammer. Putting a magnetic material in strong magnetic field.

13. Electromagnetism : Magnetic Fields  What does the magnetic field around a current carrying wire look like?  Remember the ‘screw’ rule: Current (I)

14. Electromagnetism : Magnetic Fields  What does the magnetic field around a current carrying coil [solenoid] look like? Using an iron nail as a solenoid investigate the properties of the magnetic field. Keeping the current the same, investigate how many paper clips the solenoid will support as the number of coils is varied. Then, keeping the number of coils of wire the same, investigate how many paper clips the solenoid will support as the current is varied. Record your results in the tables following:

15. Electromagnets Animation

16. Electromagnetism : Electromagnets Remember - keep the current the same!

17. Electromagnetism : Electromagnets Remember - keep the number of coils the same!

18. Electromagnetism : Electromagnets

19. Electromagnetism : Electromagnets

20. Electromagnetism : Electromagnets We use large electromagnets in scrap yards to pick up scrap metal: What metals would the electromagnet attract? What advantages does an electromagnet have over a permanent magnet?

21. Electromagnetism : Electromagnets Door bells use electromagnets:

22. Electromagnetism : Electromagnets Lifts, cars and other large electrical machines use high currents. A relay can be used to allow a low current circuit to turn a large current circuit on.