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Understanding Biological Classification: The Binomial System and Its Importance

Discover the intriguing world of biological classification, introduced by Carolus Linnaeus. This system names organisms using a two-part structure, improving communication among scientists worldwide. Learn about the different levels of classification—Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species—through memorable mnemonics. Explore key plant and animal groups, including Bryophytes, Coniferophytes, and various invertebrate phyla. Understanding classification helps us recognize the relationships and similarities among species, fostering knowledge of our biological diversity.

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Understanding Biological Classification: The Binomial System and Its Importance

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  1. 5.5 Classification “You failed your Latin exam?!! But Sweaty, all you friends names have Latin roots….” http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/cga/lowres/cgan893l.jpg

  2. 5.5.1 Why Classify? • The classification system we use was invented by Carolus Linneus (1707-1778) • It is called the Binomial system because all organisms are given 2 names – their Genus name and their species name. e.g Homo sapiens, (man), Mytilus edulis (common mussel)

  3. Mytilus edulis Homo sapiens? http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/Species/Mollusca/o_Mytedu.jpg

  4. It is important that when scientists in Mongolia work on a species, a scientist in Brazil knows which one. Anemone Anemone http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg http://www.nmessences.com/healing_images/anemone_white_b1.jpg

  5. It allows us to group similar organisms http://www.tigertouch.org/images/cats/lion.jpg http://www.felinest.com/images/bengal-tiger.jpg http://www.no-pest.com/MountainLion6.jpg http://i1.treknature.com/photos/6688/imgp1500a1a-copy1.jpg http://media.photobucket.com/image/genus%20felidae/crowskyler/animania/clouded_leopard3.jpg

  6. 5.5.2 There are 7 levels of Classification: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Make up a pneumonic to remember this list in order. King Philip Comes Over For Great Sausages. Activity: Classify Humans and one plant completely .

  7. The 5 Kingdoms No cell walls Cellulose cell walls Chitin cell walls Many types of cell wall NAG-NAMA cell walls Multi-cellular Multi-cellular Single cellular Single + Multi-cellular Single cellular Many feeding types Many feeding types Photo-autotroph Saprotroph Heterotroph

  8. 5.5.3 A closer look at Plants: There are 4 phyla: • Bryophyte – The mosses • Filicinophyte – The Ferns • Coniferophyte – The Conifers • Angiospermophyte – The flowers

  9. Bryophytes – The mosses • Simple non, vascular (no xylem and phloem.) no proper roots but have rhizoids, reproduce with spores. Male gamete swims to female! http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/images/TIa_photo1_500.JPG http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/photos-800/grrimmia-sp-exposed-rock-WA.jpg

  10. Filicinophytes – the ferns • Has stems roots and leaves. Reproduces by spores. Male gamete swims to female. http://www.centralfloridafarms.com/fern-vine/foxtail-ferndrm-web.jpg http://farm1.static.flickr.com/205/519433609_f1a29201d7.jpg

  11. Coniferophytes – The conifers • Truly vascular. Reproduce with pollen. Make cones with seeds in. • Leaves are needle shaped to conserve water. http://www.cambridge2000.com/gallery/images/P3075134.jpg http://www.denverevergreen.com/images/pine_cones-left.gif

  12. Angiospermophytes- Flowering plants • Have proper flowers. Truly vascular. http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/BIOL1030/Lab8/images/Helianthus_spp(Sunflower).jpg http://www.ipaw.org/invaders/reed_canary_grass/ReedCanaryGrassC_lg.jpg

  13. 5.5.4 The Animal invertebrates in detail Invertebrates are animals without backbones there are 6 phyla: • Porifera – sponges. • Cnideria - corals. • Platyhelminthes – flat worms. • Annelida – segmented worms. • Mollusca – snails, octopi. • Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans

  14. Porifera – the sponges • No mouth or anus. No symetry. http://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg

  15. Cnideria – Corals, hydra, jellyfish • Have a mouth and anus. Have radial symmetry. http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg

  16. Platyhelminthes- flatworms • Have mouth and anus. Have Bilateral symmetry. Soft with no skeleton. http://rivers.snre.umich.edu/www311/OrganismPhotos/Platyhelminthes.GIF

  17. Annelida – segmented worms Hydrostatic skeleton Many segments Bilateral symmetry http://www.southtexascollege.edu/nilsson/4_GB_Lecture_figs_f/4_GB_23_AnimaliaInvert_Fig_f/Annelid.GIF

  18. Mollusca – snails, octopi Have a mouth and anus. Most have a calcium carbonate shell. Bilateral symmetry. Hard rasping ‘radula’ is used for feeding. http://z.about.com/d/animals/1/0/V/7/shutterstock_701650.jpg http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/octopus.jpg

  19. Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans • Jointed legs. Hard chitin exoskeleton. Bilateral symmetry. Segmented body http://img.quamut.com/chart/6861/01_atlantic_common_crab.jpg http://tintedglasses.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/cockroach-3.jpg http://www.hhcc.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/spider.jpg

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