6 – 8 Octobre 2004

1. Sustainable Hydrogen Varsovie 6 – 8 Octobre 2004

2. Why hydrogen ? Because Greenhouse Effect that warms up the planet with all the subsequent climatic desorders (overheat waves, hurricanes, desertification... 1 Depletion of the fossile fuel reserves and all the political and economic, tension it will induce. 2 3 It can be a way of stocking electricity from intermittent renewable sources (wind, solar). It can be a substitute for gasoline as a fuel for cars, trucks and plane giving only water on burning in I.C.E. 4 It is a good fuel for fuel-cells generating heat and electrictricity. 5 Varsovie Octobre 2004

3. Nuclear heat and electricity, Photovoltaic or wind mills electricity, Geothermal heat. Electrolysis of water at low or high temperature, Thermochemical cycles resulting in dissociating water, Biomass gasification. Production of hydrogen To avoid Greenhouse Effect and to spare fossile fuels reserves we will try to produce hydrogen from water or from biomass using none CO2 producing source of energy : This can be done by : Varsovie Octobre 2004

4. Sustainable Hydrogen Nuclear Reactor Fission/Fusion Biomass LIGNOCELLULOSIS Water C6H8O4   H2 e- e- Thermolysis Electrolysis Thermo Cycle CO + H2 Syngas  e- H2 Transport Storage Renewable Energies Fisher Tropsh Synthesis ICE Biofuel Fuel Cell Varsovie Octobre 2004

5. U.S.A. United Kingdom VHTR Steering Committee Euratom countrie Switzerland France Japan South Africa South Korea Very high temperature Reactor VHTR VHTR Goals ► Passive Safety 600 MWth – T He  1000 °C – Thermal neutrons ►Hydrogen production 200 Mt/day H2 (  50 %), # 300,000 gallons of gasoline per day Water splitting with thermo-chemical cycle or High Temperature Electrolysis ► Deployment in 2030 – 35 (NGNP by 2017) Varsovie Octobre 2004