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Stress Research

Stress Research. Logic, Design, and Process. 4 Ways of Thinking. Formalistic: A or B Mechanistic: A causes only B Contextual: Perception looms; relational, multi-causal Organistic: systems, interrelated causalities and reactions. Research Vocabulary. Proximal causes: acute episodes.

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Stress Research

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  1. Stress Research Logic, Design, and Process

  2. 4 Ways of Thinking • Formalistic: A or B • Mechanistic: A causes only B • Contextual: Perception looms; relational, multi-causal • Organistic: systems, interrelated causalities and reactions.

  3. Research Vocabulary • Proximal causes: acute episodes. • Distal causes: remote disturbances appearing again. • Precipitating factors: immediate response provoking events. • Predisposing factors: biological-genetic factors.

  4. Research Variables • Independent: treatment condition, cause, environmental stimulus. • Dependent: behavior, effect. • *Goal is to try to establish a link between IV and DV to generalize to a larger population.

  5. Assessment Issues • 1: Use a standardized test. • Problems? • Advantages? • 2: Create your own test. • Problems? • Advantages?

  6. Accuracy • Validity: measures what was set out to be measured. • Reliability: consistently measures the same aspect with the same results. • Test-retest: same test two different times. • Alternate-forms: two different tests. • Split-half: two scores from same test.

  7. Credibility  Validity • Content Validity: test content is correct for behavior to be measured. Not a statistical test, rather an expertise based decision. (Experts determine). • Face Validity: basic, laymen’s logic to determine if test seems right for behavior. • Criterion-related Validity: comparing test outcome to alternate source of data. • Construct Validity: we are measuring exactly what we say we are measuring.

  8. Types of Studies • Case Studies • Great depth, low number, generally used for very small, specific, unique populations. • Field Studies • Survey: good vs. bad? • Ex-Post-Facto: used for events that are either unethical to produce or unpredictable. • Ecological Momentary Assessment: idea is to monitor events in their own environment.

  9. Types of Studies • Correlational Designs • Looking for patterns to research further. • Correlation doesn’t imply causation. • Can’t be causation with correlation. • Single-Subject, Baseline Reversal • Baseline phase and then treatment phase.

  10. Types of Studies • Pre-Post Designs • Control groups? • Placebo effect? • Attention-Placebo control: do something but not the same treatment as is given to the treatment group. • Factorial Designs: utilizing more than 1 IV.

  11. Types of Studies • Groups of groups. • Within-subjects: observations made on same group but at different times. • Between groups: two distinct groups with two distinct treatments. • Mixed Design is the combination of both.

  12. Types of Studies • Meta-analysis • Examines previous research on a given topic. • A compilation or greatest hits of sorts. • Greatest limitation is the studies being reviewed. • Be mindful of how the author portrays qualitative and quantitative research.

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