1 / 21

Morphological Process

Morphological Process. Affixation => prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix Non-affixal derivation/inflection =>Compounding => Reduplication => Alternation => Suppletion. Infix (Tagalog). tulong ‘ help’ => tumulong ‘helped’ lipad ‘fly’ => lumipad ‘flew’ kain ‘eat’ => kumain ‘ate’.

leiko
Télécharger la présentation

Morphological Process

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Morphological Process • Affixation • => prefix, suffix, infix, circumfix • Non-affixal derivation/inflection • =>Compounding • => Reduplication • => Alternation • => Suppletion

  2. Infix (Tagalog) • tulong ‘help’ • => tumulong ‘helped’ • lipad ‘fly’ • => lumipad ‘flew’ • kain ‘eat’ • => kumain ‘ate’

  3. uwi ‘return’ • => umuwi ‘returned’ ([ʔumuwi]) • gradwet ‘graduate’ • => gumradwet or grumadwet ‘graduated’ • Infix = [-um-] after first consonant

  4. Circumfix (Indonesian) • RootDerived Form • baik ‘good’ kebaikan ‘goodness’ • bersih ‘clean’ kebersihan ‘cleanliness’ • cantik ‘beautiful’ kecantikan ‘beauty’ • sulit ‘difficult’ kesulitan ‘difficulty’ • => [kə-] + Adj + [-an]

  5. Total Reduplication • Indonesian • omong ‘talk’ • omong-omong ‘chat’ • duduk ‘sit’ • duduk-duduk ‘sit around’

  6. Partial Reduplication • Tagalog • tulong ‘help’ • => tutulong ‘will help’ • lipad ‘fly’ • => lilipad ‘will fly’ • kain ‘eat’ • => kakain ‘will eat’

  7. uwi ‘return’ • => uuwi ‘will return’ • gradwet ‘graduate’ • => gagradwet • Reduplication = repeat first consonant and vowel

  8. Compounding • N-N: girlfriend, landlord, fire-fighter • A-N: blackbird, happy hour • P-N: overcoat, outhouse, underpass • N-A: trigger-happy, boy crazy

  9. Characteristics of Compounds • Stress change • good friend vs girlfriend • Meaning change • black bird vs blackbird • black board vs blackboard

  10. Alternation • SingularPlural • mouse [ɑʊ] mice [ɑɪ] • goose [u] geese [i] • woman [ʊ] women [ɪ] • foot [ʊ] feet [i]

  11. NounVerb • strife [f] strive [v] • teeth [θ] teethe [ð] • breath [θ] breathe [ð] • use [s] use [z]

  12. Arabic Alternation • SingularPlural • nafs nufuus ‘soul’ • bank bunuuk ‘bank’

  13. Derivation by Stress • VerbNoun • conductconduct • insertinsert • rejectreject • convictconvict

  14. Derivation by Tone • Mandarin • 教 [tçjɑʊ] • level tone => ‘teach’ • falling tone => ‘something taught’ • 將 [tçjɑŋ] • level tone => ‘lead’ • falling tone => ‘one who leads’

  15. Suppletion • go went • be is am are • good better • bad worse

  16. Zero Derivations • NounVerb • bike bike • skate skate • work work • winter winter

  17. Morphological Types • Analytic (isolating) • => One morpheme per word • Synthetic • => Polymorphemic words

  18. Synthetic Types • Agglutinating • => Morphemes are easily segmentable. • => One meaning per form • Fusional • => Not easily segmentable • => Multiple meanings per form

  19. Fusional • Spanish • [hablo] ‘I am speaking.’ • [habla] ‘S/he is speaking.’ • [hable] ‘I spoke.’

  20. Polysynthesis • Onondaga (Iroquoian) • Pet wa?-ha-htu?ta? • Pat Past-Agr-lose • ne? ohwista? • the money • “Pat lost the money.”

  21. Incorporated • Pet wa?-ha-hwist-ahtu?ta? • Pat Past-Agr-money-lose • “Pat lost money.”

More Related